2023 Fiscal Year Final Research Report
Analysis of host immunity to permit rubella infection.
| Project/Area Number |
18K17367
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists
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| Allocation Type | Multi-year Fund |
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| Review Section |
Basic Section 58020:Hygiene and public health-related: including laboratory approach
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| Research Institution | Osaka Institute of Public Health |
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Principal Investigator |
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| Project Period (FY) |
2018-04-01 – 2024-03-31
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| Keywords | rubella / rubella virus / primary infection / breakthrough infection / molecular epidemiology / rubella vaccine / immunization gap / sphingomyelin synthase 1 |
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
The purpose of this study was to elucidate the factors responsible for the recent rubella epidemics, the characteristics of immunity that allow infection and disease onset, and the mechanism of vertical placental transmission of rubella virus. During the study period, the following results were obtained.
(1) Molecular epidemiologic analysis of RuV indicated that RuV imported from overseas triggered the spread of infection.(2) Serologic analysis of acute-phase blood samples from rubella patients showed that 98.6% (138/140) of the rubella cases were classified as primary infection.(3) The two cases serologically classified as breakthrough infections were females who were thought to have a history of single-dose vaccination.(4) Sphingomyelin synthase 1 was identified as a factor determining susceptibility to RuV.
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| Free Research Field |
公衆衛生学/ウイルス学
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| Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements |
研究成果の概要に記載した成果から、下記の学術的・社会的意義を見出した。
①多くの者がRuVに対する免疫を持つ状況下で、breakthrough infectionの頻度が低かった事実は、流行株に対するワクチンの有効性を示している。②海外から持ち込まれたRuVが感受性者の間で感染伝播した事実は、immunization gapを埋めない限り、将来の流行やCRSを防ぐことが出来ないことを示している。③Breakthrough infectionやCRSがワクチン単回接種世代の女性（母親）で確認された事実は、ワクチン単回接種では、風しんやCRSを完全に予防できず、ワクチン2回接種の必要性を示している。
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