2022 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

Legal personality of autonomous AI

Research Project

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Project/Area Number	18K18551
Research Category	Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research (Exploratory)
Allocation Type	Multi-year Fund
Review Section	Medium-sized Section 5:Law and related fields
Research Institution	Meiji University (2021-2022) University of Tsukuba (2018-2020)
Principal Investigator	YANAGA MASAO 明治大学, 会計専門職研究科, 専任教授 (60191144)
Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha)	大野雅人明治大学, グローバル・ビジネス研究科, 専任教授 (10619688) 木村真生子筑波大学, ビジネスサイエンス系, 教授 (40580494) 小野上真也清和大学, 法学部, 准教授 (70468859) 岡本裕樹筑波大学, ビジネスサイエンス系, 教授 (90372523)
Project Period (FY)	2018-06-29 – 2023-03-31
Keywords	AI / 権利能力 / 不法行為能力 / 犯罪能力 / 納税主体性 / 動物 / 会社
Outline of Final Research Achievements	We examined the possibility of recognizing the legal capacity to hold rights, mental capacity, capacity to act, ability to take responsibility (or capacity to be punished), and ability to be taxed (hereinafter collectively referred to as legal subjectivity) of autonomous artificial intelligence (AI). Keeping in mind that legal subjectivity of corporations is recognized (capacity of rights and acts, torts of corporations themselves, grounds for corporate taxation, and punishments on corporations), we examined whether any may appear if legal subjectivity is not recognized for autonomous artificial intelligence, whether such problems could be resolved by other legal structures, and, conversely, what problems would arise if legal subjectivity is recognized for autonomous artificial intelligence. On the other hand, we analyzed what kind of problems would arise if the legal subjectivity is recognized, and obtained suggestions for interpretation and legislation.
Free Research Field	法律学
Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements	自律的な人工知能（AI)に権利能力、意思能力、行為能力、不法行為能力、犯罪能力(または受刑能力)、納税主体性が認められるかどうかは、人工知能をめぐる法的問題の総論・基礎的部分であり、各論的な法的問題を考察する前提ともなる問題であることから、これらのこれらの問題について分析を加えることによって、自律的な人工知能をめぐる各論的な問題についての解釈論及び立法論に貢献する知見を得られるものと考えられる。