活動依存的カルシウム流入による競合的シナプス回路発達の共通原理の解明

2010 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

• Project/Area Number: 19100005
• Research Institution: Hokkaido University
• Principal Investigator: 渡辺 雅彦 北海道大学, 大学院・医学研究科, 教授 (70210945)
• Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha): 崎村 建司 新潟大学, 脳研究所, 教授 (40162325)
• Keywords: シナプス / 脳 / 発達 / 小脳 / 大脳皮質

Research Abstract

代謝型グルタミン酸受容体mGluR1は活動依存的な細胞内カルシウム放出に関わり、この分子細胞機能は小脳プルキンエ細胞のシナプス回路発達とシナプス可塑性に重要であることが分かっている。一方、グルタミン酸輸送体は細胞外グルタミン酸濃度調節を介して、グルタミン酸受容体の活性化の時空間的な閾値や範囲を制御する分子である。
本年度は、小脳のグリアが高いレベルで発現しているグルタミン酸輸送体GLASTに着目して、小脳シナプス回路発達における機能的役割を検討した。GLASTを欠損するマウスでは、これを発現するバーグマングリアの細胞突起が退縮してシナプスや樹状突起の被いが不全となり、シナプス間隙が細胞外空間と直接連絡するように変化していた。このようなグリア突起の被覆不全は、グルタミン酸輸送体阻害剤の硬膜内投与によっても再現されたことから、グルタミン酸を取込む機能がグリアによるシナプス被覆を促進する分子細胞機構にもなっていることが判明した。さらに、GLASTの分子欠損とシナプス被覆障害は、発達期において形成された機能的神経回路が成体期にむかって進行性に異常となり、プルキンエ細胞に入力する登上線維の多重支配化を許容し、平行線維による異所性支配を許容した。
以上の所見から、細胞外グルタミン酸濃度を低いレベルに保つ分子機構は近隣の回路間の機能的および物理的な絶縁機能を構築し、機能的なシナプス回路の維持に不可欠な役割を果たしていると結論した。

Research Products

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• [Presentation] ボリューム伝達様式を介した線条体におけるドーパミン神経伝達 (2011)
  • Author(s): 内ヶ島基政, 渡辺雅彦
  • Organizer: 第57回日本解剖学会総会東北・北海道支部学術集会
  • Place of Presentation: 岩手大学(岩手市)
  • Year and Date: 20110910-20110911
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  • Author(s): Taisuke Miyazaki
  • Organizer: 第88回日本生理学会大会・第116回解剖学会総会・全国学術集会合同大会
  • Place of Presentation: パシフィコ横浜(横浜市)(※地震で中止)(オンラインにて発表)
  • Year and Date: 20110328-20110330
• [Presentation] Glutamate receptor 2 is essential for input pathway-dependent regulation of synaptic AMPAR contents in cerebellar Purkinje cells (2011)
  • Author(s): Miwako Yamasaki, Taisuke Miyazaki, Hirotsugu Azechi, Manabu Abe, Rie Natsume, Teruki Hagiwara, Atsu Aiba, Masayoshi Mishina, Kenji Sakimura, Masahiko Watanabe
  • Organizer: 第88回日本生理学会大会・第116回解剖学会総会・全国学術集会合同大会
  • Place of Presentation: パシフィコ横浜(横浜市)(※地震で中止)(オンラインにて発表)
  • Year and Date: 20110328-20110330
• [Presentation] マウス脳内におけるC1qlファミリー発現細胞の化学的特性 (2011)
  • Author(s): 今野幸太郎、山崎美和子、渡辺雅彦
  • Organizer: 第88回日本生理学会大会・第116回解剖学会総会・全国学術集会合同大会
  • Place of Presentation: パシフィコ横浜(横浜市)(※地震で中止)(オンラインにて発表)
  • Year and Date: 20110328-20110330
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  • Author(s): Motokazu Uchigashima, Maya Yamazaki, Miwako Yamasaki, Asami Tanimura, Kenji Sakimura, Masanobu Kano, Masahiko Watanabe
  • Organizer: 第88回日本生理学会大会・第116回解剖学会総会・全国学術集会合同大会
  • Place of Presentation: パシフィコ横浜(横浜市)(※地震で中止)(オンラインにて発表)
  • Year and Date: 20110328-20110330
• [Presentation] Lack of molecular-anatomical machineries for GABAergic synaptic transmission at the axon initial segment of Cerebellar Purkinje cells (2011)
  • Author(s): 岩倉淳, 内ヶ島基政, 渡辺雅彦
  • Organizer: 第88回日本生理学会大会・第116回解剖学会総会・全国学術集会合同大会
  • Place of Presentation: パシフィコ横浜(横浜市)(※地震で中止)(オンラインにて発表)
  • Year and Date: 20110328-20110330
• [Presentation] Developmental changes in expression and distribution of KCC2 in the mouse cerebellum (2011)
  • Author(s): 河北一誠、渡辺雅彦
  • Organizer: 第88回日本生理学会大会・第116回解剖学会総会・全国学術集会合同大会
  • Place of Presentation: パシフィコ横浜(横浜市)(※地震で中止)(オンラインにて発表)
  • Year and Date: 20110328-20110330
• [Presentation] Neurochemical characterization of neurons in the bed nucleus of the stria terminallis projecting to the ventral tegmental area (2011)
  • Author(s): Takehiro Kudo, Motokazu Uchigashima, Masabumi Minami, Masahiko Watanabe
  • Organizer: 第88回日本生理学会大会・第116回解剖学会総会・全国学術集会合同大会
  • Place of Presentation: パシフィコ横浜(横浜市)(※地震で中止)(オンラインにて発表)
  • Year and Date: 20110328-20110330
• [Presentation] マウス小脳および海馬におけるセクレトグラニンII(Sgll)の局在様式 (2010)
  • Author(s): 宮崎太輔、渡辺雅彦
  • Organizer: 第56回日本解剖学会東北・北海道支部学術集会
  • Place of Presentation: 旭川医大(旭川市)
  • Year and Date: 20100925-20100926
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  • Author(s): Kohtarou Konno, Machiko Matsumoto, Takeshi Izumi, Hiroko Togashi, Takayuki Yoshida, Taku Yamaguchi, Hiroyuki Hasegawa, Masahiko Watanabe, Mitsuhiro Yoshioka
  • Organizer: 第56回日本解剖学会東北・北海道支部学術集会
  • Place of Presentation: 旭川医大(旭川市)
  • Year and Date: 20100925-20100926
• [Presentation] Ablation of glutamate receptor GluD2 in adult Purkinje cells causes multiple innervation of climbing fibers by ectopic innervation of transverse collaterals (2010)
  • Author(s): Taisuke Miyazaki, Miwako Yamasaki, Tomonori Takeuchi, Kenji Sakimura, Masayoshi Mishina, Masahiko Watanabe
  • Organizer: 第33回日本神経科学大会Neuro2010
  • Place of Presentation: 神戸ポートアイランド(神戸市)
  • Year and Date: 20100902-20100904
• [Presentation] Synaptic localization and content of four AMPA receptor subunits at excitatory hippocampal synapses (2010)
  • Author(s): Miwako Yamasaki, Masahiro Fukaya, Manabu Abe, Kenji Sakimura, Masahiko Watanabe
  • Organizer: 第33回日本神経科学大会Neuro2010
  • Place of Presentation: 神戸ポートアイランド(神戸市)
  • Year and Date: 20100902-20100904
• [Presentation] Early postnatal stress affects the 5-HTergic and GABAergic function of the median raphe nucleus in adult rats (2010)
  • Author(s): Kohtarou Konno, Machiko Matsumoto, Takeshi Izumi, Hiroko Togashi, Takayuki Yoshida, Taku Yamaguchi, Hiroyuki Hasegawa, Masahiko Watanabe, Mitsuhiro Yoshioka
  • Organizer: 第33回日本神経科学大会Neuro2010
  • Place of Presentation: 神戸ポートアイランド(神戸市)
  • Year and Date: 20100902-20100904
• [Presentation] Molecular-anatomical basis for the spread of endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol at mossy cell-granule cell synapses in the dentate gyrus (2010)
  • Author(s): Motokazu Uchigashima, Mawahiko Watanabe
  • Organizer: 第33回日本神経科学大会Neuro2010
  • Place of Presentation: 神戸ポートアイランド(神戸市)
  • Year and Date: 20100902-20100904
• [Presentation] Glutamate receptor GluD2 maintains climbing fiber mono-innervation in adult cerebellum by suppressing aberrant invasion to parallel fiber innetvation territory (2010)
  • Author(s): Taisuke Miyazaki, Miwako Yamasaki, Tomonori Takeuchi, Kenji Sakimura, Masayoshi Mishina, Masahiko Watanabe
  • Organizer: 7^<th> FENS Forum of Europian Neuroscience
  • Place of Presentation: RAI Convention Centre, The Netherlands
  • Year and Date: 20100703-20100707
• [Presentation] Synaptic localization and content of four AMPA receptor subunits at excitatory hippocampal synapses (2010)
  • Author(s): Miwako Yamasaki, Masahiro Fukaya, Manabu Abe, Kenji Sakimura, Masahiko Watanabe
  • Organizer: 7^<th> FENS Forum of Europian Neuroscience
  • Place of Presentation: RAI Convention Centre, The Netherlands
  • Year and Date: 20100703-20100707
• [Presentation] Molecular-anatomical architecture of 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol-mediated retrograde signaling in mossy cell-recipient layer of the dentate gyrus molecular layer (2010)
  • Author(s): Motokazu Uchigashima, Mawahiko Watanabe
  • Organizer: 7^<th> FENS Forum of Europian Neuroscience
  • Place of Presentation: RAI Convention Centre, The Netherlands
  • Year and Date: 20100703-20100707
• [Presentation] Cytochemical and cytological properties of perineuronal oligodendrocytes in the mouse cerebral cortex (2010)
  • Author(s): Chihiro Takasaki, Motokazu Uchigashima, Miwako Yamasaki, Uchio Yanagawa, Masahiko Watanabe
  • Organizer: 7^<th> FENS Forum of Europian Neuroscience
  • Place of Presentation: RAI Convention Centre, The Netherlands
  • Year and Date: 20100703-20100707