Variations and evolutions of Martian atmospheric environment investigated in the collaboration with European and US missions

2019 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

• Project/Area Number: 19H00707
• Research Institution: Tohoku University
• Principal Investigator: 笠羽 康正 東北大学, 理学研究科, 教授 (10295529)
• Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha): 中川 広務 東北大学, 理学研究科, 助教 (30463772) ; 佐川 英夫 京都産業大学, 理学部, 教授 (40526034) ; 寺田 直樹 東北大学, 理学研究科, 教授 (70470060) ; 岩渕 弘信 東北大学, 理学研究科, 准教授 (80358754)
• Project Period (FY): 2019-04-01 – 2024-03-31
• Keywords: 火星 / 現在大気環境の変動 / 過去大気環境の再現 / 探査機・望遠鏡観測 / 大気数値モデル

Outline of Annual Research Achievements

ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiterの初動観測にチームメンバーとして参画しまた見守りつつ（査読論文：Korablev+ 2019; Liuzzi+ 2019; Vandaele+ 2019）、2018年全球ダストストームの解析を主軸として本研究を着手した。
(A) リム観測による対流圏・中間圏大気の鉛直構造観測: リトリーバルツール開発を日-ベルギー共同で進捗させ、各種問題の解決(結果の収束性など）と他コードと結果の比較等を実施し、その成立にむけ前進させた（口頭発表: Kasaba+ 2019など）。利用度が低かったMEX・OMEGAのリム観測データ群の解析可能性検討に着手した。TGO観測によるダストストーム時水蒸気変動成果を支援した（査読論文：Aoki+ 2019）。
(B) 米探査機MAVEN等による熱圏・外圏大気の鉛直構造観測:粒子計測器NGIMSや紫外線観測器IUVSを用いて熱圏-熱圏粒子の下層大気と結合した変動解明に着手した（口頭発表：Nakagawa+, 2019など）。また全球ダストストームの影響探索に着手した。
(C) 地上・航空機望遠鏡による全球水平構造観測: ALMA観測による全球ダストストーム時の風速場・温度場等の解明に着手した（査読論文: 佐川+ 2019. 口頭発表: Aoki+ 2019など）。ハレアカラT60観測でも、リトリーバル手法を先行する金星観測を援用して確立するとともに（口頭発表：Takami+ 2019 など), ダストストーム時の下部熱圏速度場/温度場等の導出に挑戦した（Miyamoto+ 2019 など）。
(D) 対流圏-中間圏・熱圏-外圏鉛直結合モデル: 現変動機構と古環境再現の両面を結合させつつ開発遂行した (査読論文：Kamada+ 2019。口頭発表: Kuroda+ 2019など）。また、過去表層水環境の痕跡である可能性を有するRSLの地下構造探査にも着手した（Oura+ 2019 など）。

Current Status of Research Progress

3: Progress in research has been slightly delayed.

Reason

2019年8月、中性大気モデル開発・解析の専門知識を有する黒田剛史(研究協力者)が、予定外に2019年12月まで他の研究プロ ジェクトに専念する必要が生じたため、モデル開発・解析に参画できないことが判明した。本研究協力者は本研究の核となる中性大気の変動・進化研究に欠かせないことから、研究計画を延長する必要が生じた。また、2月に我々がホストとなって日本で開催予定だった欧火星探査機ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) 研究会合が、欧側の都合で5月に延期されることとなった。
これらの理由のため、2020年度への繰越を行うこととした。黒田剛史は2020年1月に東北大・助教に採用されたこともあって本プロジェクトに再び参加可能となり、現火星環境および過去火星環境の双方に跨る中性大気モデル開発・解析の進行は順調に再起動された。世界的なCOVID-19の大流行によって欧側研究は大幅な遅れとなり、TGO会合も延期（最終的には遠隔開催となった）され、これらに連動して行う予定であった欧火星探査機と連動する数値ツール・データ解析の進行も影響を受けたが、当初「2019年度内」を目標として設定した目標は、凸凹はありながらも達成した。海外出張を要する地上観測は、現地施設の運用停止や出張停止に伴って大影響を受けざるをえなかったのは致し方ないが、その前に取得したデータの活用を含めた活動で出力は維持した。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

2019年度分の繰越を含めた2020年度の活動は、COVID-19の影響を受けてさらに波乱に満ちたものとなった。特に、激しいロックダウンの影響を受けた欧州側の作業遅延、および海外での活動を伴う地上観測活動を中核に、以下の作業は2021年度にずれこんでいる。(1)欧ExoMars TGOデータ校正と同期するリ トリーバルツール開発、(2)米と連携する米MAVEN探査機熱圏-中間圏データ解析、(3)東北大ハレアカラ 望遠鏡等の整備・観測。
すでに2021年度頭だが、ここまでの成果を論文として公表し、またツール開発成果も援用して以下諸活動の継続・発展を行う。(A) 探査機による対流圏・中間圏大気の鉛直構造観測: 新リトリーバルツール開発、MEX・OMEGA等のリム観測データ群による解明を軸に、TGO観測への適用検討とMMX計画への展開。 (B) 探査機による熱圏・外圏大気の鉛直構造観測: 熱圏大気波動の振幅分布、均質圏界面高度、高高度エアロゾルの分布等の変動・緯度依存性の比較評価。 (C) 地上・航空機望遠鏡による全球水平構造観測: 可能な範囲で下部熱圏の速度場/温度場等を2018全球ダストストーム時と平常時との乖離で論文化。またALMAのデータ校正問題に挑み、風速場・温度場および対流圏HDO・H2O2・CO水平分布の導出へ。(D) 対流圏-中間圏および熱圏-外圏鉛直結合モデルによる現大気環境の変動機構と古環境の再現。光化学プロセスの導入を含めた現大気環境変動と過去大気環境再現を目指すモデル開発研究を継続。また過去表層環境の痕跡につながりうるRSL（水漏出を思わせる地形) をMRO探査機による地下探査研究を軸に論文としてまとめ、検討着手された国際火星浅地下探査計画検討にもつなげる。

Research Products

• [Int'l Joint Research] IASB(ベルギー)
  • Country Name: BELGIUM
  • Counterpart Institution: IASB
• [Int'l Joint Research] MPS(ドイツ)
  • Country Name: GERMANY
  • Counterpart Institution: MPS
• [Int'l Joint Research] IKI(ロシア連邦)
  • Country Name: RUSSIA FEDERATION
  • Counterpart Institution: IKI
• [Int'l Joint Research] IAS(フランス)
  • Country Name: FRANCE
  • Counterpart Institution: IAS
• [Int'l Joint Research] Univ. Colorado(米国)
  • Country Name: U.S.A.
  • Counterpart Institution: Univ. Colorado
• [Journal Article] A coupled atmosphere-hydrosphere global climate model of early Mars: A ‘cool and wet’ scenario for the formation of water channels (2020)
  • Author(s): Kamada A.、Kuroda T.、Kasaba Y.、Terada N.、Nakagawa H.、Toriumi K.
  • Journal Title: Icarus Volume: 338 Pages: 113567 (19p)
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.icarus.2019.113567
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Effects of an Intrinsic Magnetic Field on Ion Loss From Ancient Mars Based on Multispecies MHD Simulations (2020)
  • Author(s): Sakata R.、Seki K.、Sakai S.、Terada N.、Shinagawa H.、Tanaka T.
  • Journal Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Volume: 125 Pages: (16p)
  • DOI: 10.1029/2019JA026945
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] ALMA observations of the 2018 global dust storm on Mars: Temporal variation of the surface brightness temperature (2019)
  • Author(s): Sagawa, H., S. Aoki, H. Maezawa, H. Nakagawa, Y. Kasaba
  • Journal Title: Planetary People (Yuu-Sei-Jin) Volume: 28 Pages: 277-284
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Martian dust storm impact on atmospheric H2O and D/H observed by ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (2019)
  • Author(s): Vandaele A.C., Korablev O., Daerden F., Aoki S., et al.
  • Journal Title: Nature Volume: 568 Pages: 521～525
  • DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1097-3
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] No detection of methane on Mars from early ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter observations (2019)
  • Author(s): Korablev O., Vandaele A.C., Montmessin F., Fedorova A.A., Trokhimovskiy A., Forget F., Lefvre F., Daerden F., Thomas I.R., Trompet L., Erwin .T., Aoki S., et al.
  • Journal Title: Nature Volume: 568 Pages: 517～520
  • DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1096-4
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Methane on Mars: New insights into the sensitivity of CH4 with the NOMAD/ExoMars spectrometer through its first in-flight calibration (2019)
  • Author(s): Liuzzi G., Villanueva G.L., Mumma M.J., Smith M.D., Daerden F., Ristic B., Thomas I., Vandaele A.C., Patel M.R., Lopez-Moreno J.-J., Bellucci G., NOMAD Team (Vandaele A.C., Lopez M., Jose J., Bellucci G., Patel M., Allen M., Alonso-Rodrigo G., Altieri F., Aoki S., et al.
  • Journal Title: Icarus Volume: 321 Pages: 671～690
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.icarus.2018.09.021
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Publisher Correction: Martian dust storm impact on atmospheric H2O and D/H observed by ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (2019)
  • Author(s): Vandaele A.C., Korablev O., Daerden F., Aoki S., et al.
  • Journal Title: Nature Volume: 569 Pages: E1
  • DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1163-x
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Publisher Correction: No detection of methane on Mars from early ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter observations (2019)
  • Author(s): Korablev O., Vandaele A.C., Montmessin F., Fedorova A.A., Trokhimovskiy A., Forget F., Lefvre F., Daerden F., Thomas I.R., Trompet L., Erwin .T., Aoki S., et al.
  • Journal Title: Nature Volume: 569 Pages: E2
  • DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1164-9
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Water Vapor Vertical Profiles on Mars in Dust Storms Observed by TGO/NOMAD (2019)
  • Author(s): Aoki S.、Vandaele A. C.、Daerden F.、Villanueva G. L.、Liuzzi G.、Thomas I. R.、Erwin J. T.、Trompet L.、Robert S.、Neary L.、Viscardy S.、Clancy R. T.、Smith M. D.、Lopez‐Valverde M. A.、Hill B.、Ristic B.、Patel M. R.、Bellucci G.、Lopez‐Moreno J.‐J.、the NOMAD team
  • Journal Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets Volume: 124 Pages: 3482～3497
  • DOI: 10.1029/2019JE006109
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Broadband mid-IR fiber optics instruments for solar system exploration missions (2020)
  • Author(s): Nakagawa, H, Y. Kasaba, Y. Hirahara, Y. Matsuura, T. Katagiri, R. Ito, Y. Yokoyama, K. Namatame, I. Murata, S. Tsukada, K. Takami, A. Yamazaki
  • Organizer: Space Science Symposium
• [Presentation] Solar system targets for planed future telescopes -- toward SPICA + TMT (2020)
  • Author(s): H. Sagawa, Y. Kasaba, T. Usui, T. Otsubo, Y. Kebukawa, H. Kobayashi, K. Kobayashi, Y. Sekine, A. Takahashi, T. Terai, H. Maezawa, H. Yabuta, H. Yoshida
  • Organizer: Symposium on Planetary Science 2020
• [Presentation] The influence of carbon escape on the evolution of the Martian atmosphere (2020)
  • Author(s): R. Yagi, N. Terada, S. Koyama, T. Kuroda, H. Nakagawa, I. Murata, Y. Kasaba
  • Organizer: Symposium on Planetary Science 2020
• [Presentation] University-scale ground-based observatories for solar system: A case of Tohoku Univ. (2020)
  • Author(s): Y. Kasaba, T. Sakanoi, M. Kagitani, Y. Hirahara, M. Kurita, M. Akiyama, H. Nakagawa, H. Misawa, A. Kumamoto, F. Tsuchiya, T. Kimura, A. Ohtomo, S. Satoh, T. Obara, S. Okano, J. Kuhn, P. Zarka
  • Organizer: Symposium on Planetary Science 2020
• [Presentation] Search of shallow subsurface reflectors in Chryse and Acidalia Planitiae on Mars (2020)
  • Author(s): A. Oura, Y. Kasaba, A. Kumamoto, R. Noguchi, K. Ishiyama, T. Usui, F. Tsuchiya, C. Uemura
  • Organizer: Symposium on Planetary Science 2020
• [Presentation] Zonal wind acceleration in the Martian mesosphere during the Global Dust Storm 2018 observed by fround-based IR heterodyne spectroscopy (2020)
  • Author(s): A. Miyamoto, H. Nakagawa, T. Kuroda, K. Takami, I. Murata, S. Aoki, H. Sagawa, N. Yoshida, K. Toriumi, Y. Kasaba, N. Terada
  • Organizer: Symposium on Planetary Science 2020
• [Presentation] SPICA による太陽系惑星・衛星大気の観測 (2020)
  • Author(s): 佐川英夫, 笠羽康正, 前澤裕之, 関根康人, 臼井寛裕, SPICA 太陽系・系外惑星サイエンス検討班
  • Organizer: The Astronomical Society Japan Spring Meeting 2020
• [Presentation] Low electron temperatures observed at Mars by MAVEN on dayside crustal magnetic field lines (2020)
  • Author(s): Sakai, S., T. E. Cravens, L. Andersson, C. M. Fowler, D. L. Mitchell, C. Mazelle, E. M. B. Thiemann, F. G. Eparvier, D. A. Brain, and K. Seki
  • Organizer: JpGU-AGU Joint Meeting 2020
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Retrieval of vertical aerosol and gas profiles considering multiple scattering from Martian limb observations by MRO/CRISM (2019)
  • Author(s): Yasumasa Kasaba, Masashi Toyooka, Shohei Aoki, Arnaud Mahieux, Hiromu Nakagawa, Hironobu Iwabuchi
  • Organizer: The Japan Geoscience Union 2019 meeting
• [Presentation] GCM simulations of the present and past water environment on Mars (2019)
  • Author(s): Takeshi Kuroda, Arihiro Kamada, Katsushige Toriumi, Yasumasa Kasaba, Naoki Terada, Hiromu Nakagawa
  • Organizer: The Japan Geoscience Union 2019 meeting
• [Presentation] Search of shallow subsurface reflectors around RSLs in Martian Chryse and Acidalia planitiae by the MRO/SHARAD public data (2019)
  • Author(s): Aina Oura, Yasumasa Kasaba, Atsushi Kumamoto, Rina Noguchi, Tomohiro Usui, Ken Ishiyama, Chihiro Uemura
  • Organizer: The Japan Geoscience Union 2019 meeting
• [Presentation] Water cycle and its evolution: High-speed H2O transport to upper atmosphere on Mars (2019)
  • Author(s): Hiromu Nakagawa, Shohei Aoki, Nao Yoshida, Naoki Terada, Takeshi Imamura, Kazunori Ogohara, Toru Kouyama, Hiroki Ando, Katsuyuki Noguchi, Akiho Miyamoto, Kosuke Takami, Isao Murata, Yasumasa Kasaba, IUVS team MAVEN
  • Organizer: The Japan Geoscience Union 2019 meeting
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Developments and performance evaluations of 0.48 THz band heterodyne receivers for the future Mars terahertz sensor missions with micro-satellites (2019)
  • Author(s): Ayaka Tomihara, Satoshi Matsumoto, Hiroyuki Maezawa, Yasuko Kasai, Shigeru Yamada, Takeshi Kuroda, Takayoshi Yamada, Toshiyuki Nishibori, Yutaka Hasegawa, Yasumasa Kasaba, Richard Larsson, Shinichi Nakasuka
  • Organizer: The Japan Geoscience Union 2019 meeting
• [Presentation] Temperature change during the global dust storm period obtained by ground observation of the Martian mesosphere by infrared heterodyne spectroscopy (2019)
  • Author(s): Akiho Miyamoto, Hiromu Nakagawa, Kosuke Takami, Takeshi Kuroda, Isao Murata, Naoki Terada, Nao Yoshida, Katsushige Toriumi, Shohei Aoki, Yasumasa Kasaba
  • Organizer: The Japan Geoscience Union 2019 meeting
• [Presentation] Observing the 2018 global dust storm on Mars with ALMA (2019)
  • Author(s): Shohei Aoki, Hideo Sagawa, Kazi Rigl, Geronimo L. Villanueva, Bill Dent, Hiroyuki Maezawa, Severine Robert, Hiromu Nakagawa, Frank Daerden, Takeshi Kuroda, Marco Giuranna, Kazuya Saigo, Michael J. Mumma, Yasumasa Kasaba, Ann Carine Vandaele
  • Organizer: The Japan Geoscience Union 2019 meeting
• [Presentation] A Future plan of a university-scale ground-based observatory for solar system science: The case of Tohoku University (2019)
  • Author(s): Kasaba, Y, T. Sakanoi, M. Kagitani, Y. Hirahara, M. Kurita, M. Akiyama, H. Nakagawa, H. Misawa, A. Kumamoto, F. Tsuchiya, T. Kimura, A. Ohtomo, S. Satoh, T. Obara, S. Okano, J. Khun, P. Zarka
  • Organizer: The Japanese Society for Planetary Sciences 2019 fall meeting
• [Presentation] A 3-dimensional coupled atmosphere-hydrosphere global climate model for early Mars: Impact of Tharsis bulge on the global water cycle (2019)
  • Author(s): Kamada, A, T. Kuroda, Y. Kasaba, N. Terada, H. Nakagawa, K. Toriumi
  • Organizer: The Japanese Society for Planetary Sciences 2019 fall meeting
• [Presentation] Possible existence of cryosphere in Coprates Chasma, Mars (2019)
  • Author(s): Noguchi, R, K. Ishiyama, A. Kumamoto, C. Uemura, Y. Kasaba, T. Usui, A. Oura
  • Organizer: The Japanese Society for Planetary Sciences 2019 fall meeting
• [Presentation] Quantitative evaluation of the cumulus convection schemes for a Paleo Martian Global Climate Model (2019)
  • Author(s): Toriumi, K, T. Kuroda, A. Kamada, Y. Kasaba, N. Terada, H. Nakagawa, I. Murata, S. Aoki
  • Organizer: The Japanese Society for Planetary Sciences 2019 fall meeting
• [Presentation] Search of shallow subsurface reflectors in Chryse and Acidalia Planitiae on Mars (2019)
  • Author(s): Oura, A, Y. Kasaba, A. Kumamoto, R. Noguchi, F. Tsuchiya, T. Usui, K. Ishiyama, C. Uemura
  • Organizer: The Japanese Society for Planetary Sciences 2019 fall meeting
• [Presentation] The influence of carbon escape on the evolution of the early Martian atmosphere: Change of molecular oxygen partial pressure (2019)
  • Author(s): Yagi, R, N. Terada, S. Koyama, T. Kuroda, H. Nakagawa, I. Murata, Y. Kasaba
  • Organizer: The Japanese Society for Planetary Sciences 2019 fall meeting
• [Presentation] Modeling of the coupled atmosphere-hydrosphere of the Martian paleoclimate: Towards the reproduction of valley networks (2019)
  • Author(s): Kuroda, T, A. Kamada, K. Toriumi, Y. Kasaba, N. Terada, H. Nakagawa
  • Organizer: Society of Geomagnetism and. Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences: 2019 fall meeting
• [Presentation] Zonal wind acceleration in the Martian mesosphere during the 2018 global dust storm derived from mid-IR heterodyne spectroscopy (2019)
  • Author(s): Miyamoto, A, H. Nakagawa, K. Takami, T. Kuroda, I. Murata, N. Terada, N. Yoshida, K. Toriumi, Y. Kasaba, S. Aoki
  • Organizer: Society of Geomagnetism and. Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences: 2019 fall meeting
• [Presentation] The influence of carbon escape on the evolution of the Martian atmosphere (2019)
  • Author(s): Ryosuke Yagi, Naoki Terada, Shungo Koyama, Takeshi Kuroda, Hiromu Nakagawa, Isao Murata, Yasumasa Kasaba
  • Organizer: American Geophysical Union 2019 fall meeting
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Zonal wind acceleration and atmospheric heating in the Martian mesosphere during the global dust storm 2018 by ground-based IR heterodyne observation and MAVEN/IUVS (2019)
  • Author(s): Akiho Miyamoto, Hiromu Nakagawa, Takeshi Kuroda, Kosuke Takami, Shohei Aoki, Hideo Sagawa, Nao Yoshida, Yasumasa Kasaba, Isao Murata, Naoki Terada, Sonal Jain, Nicholas McCord Schneider
  • Organizer: American Geophysical Union 2019 fall meeting
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] A Coupled Atmosphere_Hydrosphere Global Climate Model of Early Mars: Reproduction of the ‘Cool and Wet’ Scenario and the Formation of Water Channels (2019)
  • Author(s): Takeshi Kuroda, Arihiro Kamada, Yasumasa Kasaba, Naoki Terada, Hiromu Nakagawa, Katsushige Toriumi
  • Organizer: American Geophysical Union 2019 fall meeting
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Temperature and wind variations in Venusian mesosphere and lower thermosphere by midinfrared heterodyne spectrometer in 2018 (2019)
  • Author(s): Takami, K., H. Nakagawa, H. Sagawa, I. Murata, Y. Kasaba
  • Organizer: The Japan Geoscience Union 2019 meeting
• [Presentation] Temperature in the Venusian mesosphere observed by mid-infrared heterodyne spectrometer in 2018 (2019)
  • Author(s): Takami, K., H. Nakagawa, H. Sagawa, Y. Kasaba, I. Murata
  • Organizer: Society of Geomagnetism and. Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences: 2019 fall meeting
• [Book] 太陽・惑星系と地球 (2019)
  • Author(s): 佐々木 晶, 土山 明, 笠羽 康正, 大竹 真紀子
  • Total Pages: 400
  • Publisher: 共立出版
  • ISBN: 9784320047099