Assistive technology for sleep and livelihood in shelter and temporary house

2022 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

• Project/Area Number: 19H02296
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• Allocation Type: Single-year Grants
• Section: 一般
• Review Section: Basic Section 23020:Architectural environment and building equipment-related
• Research Institution: Kansai University (2020-2022); Toyohashi University of Technology (2019)
• Principal Investigator: Tsuzuki Kazuyo 関西大学, 環境都市工学部, 教授 (70222221)
• Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha): 鍋島 佑基 静岡理工科大学, 理工学部, 准教授 (10738800) ; 木村 竜士 高知工業高等専門学校, ソーシャルデザイン工学科, 准教授 (90571810)
• Project Period (FY): 2019-04-01 – 2022-03-31
• Keywords: 避難所 / 睡眠 / マスク / 寝具 / 心電図 / 皮膚温 / エアコン / 冷房時間

Outline of Final Research Achievements

Sleep and thermoregulation were compared between sleeping on blankets equivalent to those in stockpiles and sleeping on futons in a university gymnasium designated as an evacuation center, and in addition, compared to sleeping in a bedroom at home. It was found that lower bedding insulation properties decreased dorsal foot skin temperature and sleep efficiency, and increased fatigue. The insulation properties of the bedding were measured using a thermal manikin, and compensation for the lack of insulation by increasing the amount of clothing was verified using the thermal manikin and subject experiments. Sleeping wearing a thick down jacket improved the thermal sensation and did not worsen sleep efficiency. The neutral temperature was 18.4°C at bedtime and 13.4°C at rest in the prone position with bedding for winter season. The effects of the mask were examined by subject experimentation, with a significant increase in breathlessness during the summer months and an effect on LF/HF.

Free Research Field

建築環境工学

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

大規模災害の発生率は高く、避難所等で生活が強いられる場合が増えている。内閣府公表の「避難所運営マニュアル」では具体的な寝具や温熱環境、停電や節電時等の対応については記載されておらず、また、現状備蓄されている毛布の枚数等は十分ではない。本州の学校体育館に暖房設備は敷設されておらず、冬季の室温は外気とほぼ同等である。そこで低温環境での睡眠や体温調節への影響を明らかにするとともに、断熱性の不十分な寝具を補助する目的でダウンジャケットを着用して眠るなど人による実験とサーマルマネキンによる実験を併用して検討し効果を解明した。適切な暖房温度を導き、さらに、コロナ禍でのマスク着用の影響を実験的に検証した。