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2021 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

Promotion of study on the UV-visible optical absorption property of organic aerosols using a ground-based observation network and a climate model

Research Project

Project/Area Number 19H04235
Research InstitutionChiba University

Principal Investigator

入江 仁士  千葉大学, 環境リモートセンシング研究センター, 准教授 (40392956)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 須藤 健悟  名古屋大学, 環境学研究科, 教授 (40371744)
Project Period (FY) 2019-04-01 – 2022-03-31
Keywords有機エアロゾル / 光吸収特性 / 国際観測網 / 全球化学気候モデル
Outline of Annual Research Achievements

本研究では、実大気中の有機エアロゾルの光吸収特性(340-870 nm)に関する新たな定量的な観測的知見(Aerosol Absorption Optical Depth (AAOD; 吸収エアロゾル光学的厚さ)やAbsorption Angstrom Exponent(AAE; 吸収オングストローム指数))を得るとともに、その光吸収特性の変動要因を明らかにする。独自に世界展開している国際観測網を活用し、エアロゾル特性が明瞭に異なる5つもの主要な観測地点 (日本3地点、タイ1地点、インド1地点)に焦点を当てる。独自の紫外~可視の光吸収特性の長期連続観測技術、および、その変動要因の重要なフィンガープリントをもたらす有機ガス濃度等の観測技術の両方を世界で唯一有する本研究グループのみが可能な研究である。全球化学気候モデル・衛星データも援用した研究体制で相乗的な研究成果を挙げ、有機エアロゾルの光吸収特性に関する研究を推進する。
R03年度は、R02年度に新型コロナウイルスの影響で断片的となった海外サイトでの連続観測を現地協力者の協力などにより再開でき、国外・国内サイトの両方において計画通り複数年にわたるデータを取得できた。各サイトにおいて、AAODとAAEを定量的に見積もり、観測サイト間の相違を明らかにした。このデータとともに観測された有機ガス濃度(ホルムアルデヒドやグリオキサール)やそれらの濃度比、さらには、国際観測網データで精度評価された衛星データ・再解析エアロゾルデータ(MERRA-2)・全球化学気候モデル(CHASER)データを用いて、特にバイオマスバーニングと人為起源の影響を両方受けるインドシナ半島のエアロゾルの各種光学特性の時空間変動を定量的に解明した。このように、有機エアロゾルの光吸収特性に関する研究を推進した。

Research Progress Status

令和3年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

令和3年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。

  • Research Products

    (62 results)

All 2022 2021 Other

All Int'l Joint Research (6 results) Journal Article (14 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 7 results,  Peer Reviewed: 14 results,  Open Access: 14 results) Presentation (42 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 19 results)

  • [Int'l Joint Research] NASA/メリーランド大学(米国)

    • Country Name
      U.S.A.
    • Counterpart Institution
      NASA/メリーランド大学
  • [Int'l Joint Research] チュラロンコン大学(タイ)

    • Country Name
      THAILAND
    • Counterpart Institution
      チュラロンコン大学
  • [Int'l Joint Research] IMD/IITM/ARIES(インド)

    • Country Name
      INDIA
    • Counterpart Institution
      IMD/IITM/ARIES
  • [Int'l Joint Research] CNR-ISAC(イタリア)

    • Country Name
      ITALY
    • Counterpart Institution
      CNR-ISAC
  • [Int'l Joint Research] University of Bremen/Heidelberg University(ドイツ)

    • Country Name
      GERMANY
    • Counterpart Institution
      University of Bremen/Heidelberg University
  • [Int'l Joint Research]

    • # of Other Countries
      6
  • [Journal Article] Efficient calculation of radiative intensity including the polarization effect in moderately thick atmospheres using a truncation approximation2022

    • Author(s)
      Momoi Masahiro、Irie Hitoshi、Nakajima Teruyuki、Sekiguchi Miho
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer

      Volume: 277 Pages: 107976~107976

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.jqsrt.2021.107976

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Rapid, accurate computation of narrow-band sky radiance in the 940?nm gas absorption region using the correlated k-distribution method for sun-photometer observations2022

    • Author(s)
      Momoi Masahiro、Irie Hitoshi、Sekiguchi Miho、Nakajima Teruyuki、Takenaka Hideaki、Miura Kazuhiko、Aoki Kazuma
    • Journal Title

      Progress in Earth and Planetary Science

      Volume: 9 Pages: -

    • DOI

      10.1186/s40645-022-00467-6

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Surface and aloft NO2 pollution over the greater Tokyo area observed by ground-based and MAX-DOAS measurements bridged by kilometer-scale regional air quality modeling2022

    • Author(s)
      Itahashi Syuichi、Irie Hitoshi
    • Journal Title

      Progress in Earth and Planetary Science

      Volume: 9 Pages: -

    • DOI

      10.1186/s40645-022-00474-7

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Quality assessment of Second-generation Global Imager (SGLI)-observed cloud properties using SKYNET surface observation data2022

    • Author(s)
      Khatri, P., T. Hayasaka, H. Irie, H. Letu, T. Y. Nakajima, H. Ishimoto, and T. Takamura
    • Journal Title

      Atmos. Meas. Tech.

      Volume: - Pages: -

    • DOI

      10.5194/amt-15-1967-2022

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Comparison of three aerosol representations of NHM-Chem (v1.0) for the simulations of air quality and climate-relevant variables2021

    • Author(s)
      Kajino, M., M. Deushi, T. T. Sekiyama, N. Oshima, K. Yumimoto, T. Y. Tanaka, J. Ching, A. Hashimoto, T. Yamamoto, M. Ikegami, A. Kamada, M. Miyashita, Y. Inomata, S. Shima, P. Khatri, A. Shimizu, H. Irie, K. Adachi, Y. Zaizen, Y. Igarashi, H. Ueda, T. Maki, and M. Mikami
    • Journal Title

      Geoscientific Model Development

      Volume: 14 Pages: 2235~2264

    • DOI

      10.5194/gmd-14-2235-2021

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Continuous multi-component MAX-DOAS observations for the planetary boundary layer ozone variation analysis at Chiba and Tsukuba, Japan, from 2013 to 20192021

    • Author(s)
      Irie Hitoshi、Yonekawa Daichi、Damiani Alessandro、Hoque Hossain Mohammed Syedul、Sudo Kengo、Itahashi Syuichi
    • Journal Title

      Progress in Earth and Planetary Science

      Volume: 8 Pages: -

    • DOI

      10.1186/s40645-021-00424-9

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Long-Term Variation in the Tropospheric Nitrogen Dioxide Vertical Column Density over Korea and Japan from the MAX-DOAS Network, 2007?20172021

    • Author(s)
      Choi Yongjoo、Kanaya Yugo、Takashima Hisahiro、Irie Hitoshi、Park Kihong、Chong Jihyo
    • Journal Title

      Remote Sensing

      Volume: 13 Pages: 1937~1937

    • DOI

      10.3390/rs13101937

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Effects of heterogeneous reactions on tropospheric chemistry: a global simulation with the chemistry?climate model CHASER V4.02021

    • Author(s)
      Ha Phuc T. M.、Matsuda Ryoki、Kanaya Yugo、Taketani Fumikazu、Sudo Kengo
    • Journal Title

      Geoscientific Model Development

      Volume: 14 Pages: 3813~3841

    • DOI

      10.5194/gmd-14-3813-2021

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Light-absorption properties of brown carbon aerosols in the Asian outflow: Implications of a combination of filter and ground remote-sensing observations at Fukue Island, Japan2021

    • Author(s)
      Zhu Chunmao、Miyakawa Takuma、Irie Hitoshi、Choi Yongjoo、Taketani Fumikazu、Kanaya Yugo
    • Journal Title

      Science of The Total Environment

      Volume: 797 Pages: 149155~149155

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149155

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Variabilities in PM2.5 and Black Carbon Surface Concentrations Reproduced by Aerosol Optical Properties Estimated by In-Situ Data, Ground Based Remote Sensing and Modeling2021

    • Author(s)
      Damiani Alessandro、Irie Hitoshi、Yamaguchi Kodai、Hoque Hossain Mohammed Syedul、Nakayama Tomoki、Matsumi Yutaka、Kondo Yutaka、Da Silva Arlindo
    • Journal Title

      Remote Sensing

      Volume: 13 Pages: 3163~3163

    • DOI

      10.3390/rs13163163

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Comparative assessment of TROPOMI and OMI formaldehyde observations and validation against MAX-DOAS network column measurements2021

    • Author(s)
      De Smedt, I., G. Pinardi, C. Vigouroux, S. Compernolle, A. Bais, N. Benavent, F. Boersma, K.-L. Chan, S. Donner, K.-U. Eichmann, P. Hedelt, F. Hendrick, H. Irie, et al.
    • Journal Title

      Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

      Volume: 21 Pages: 12561~12593

    • DOI

      10.5194/acp-21-12561-2021

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Retrieval of Aerosol Optical Thickness with Custom Aerosol Model Using SKYNET Data over the Chiba Area2021

    • Author(s)
      Xue Zixuan、Kuze Hiroaki、Irie Hitoshi
    • Journal Title

      Atmosphere

      Volume: 12 Pages: 1144~1144

    • DOI

      10.3390/atmos12091144

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Glyoxal tropospheric column retrievals from TROPOMI ? multi-satellite intercomparison and ground-based validation2021

    • Author(s)
      Lerot, C., F. Hendrick, M. Van Roozendael, L. M. A. Alvarado, A. Richter, I. De Smedt, N. Theys, J. Vlietinck, H. Yu, J. Van Gent, T. Stavrakou, J.-F. Muller, P. Valks, D. Loyola, H. Irie, V. Kumar, T. Wagner, S. F. Schreier, V. Sinha, T. Wang, P. Wang, and C. Retscher
    • Journal Title

      Atmospheric Measurement Techniques

      Volume: 14 Pages: 7775~7807

    • DOI

      10.5194/amt-14-7775-2021

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] SKYNET2021

    • Author(s)
      Irie Hitoshi、Nakajima Teruyuki
    • Journal Title

      Handbook of Air Quality and Climate Change

      Volume: - Pages: 1~11

    • DOI

      10.1007/978-981-15-2527-8_52-1

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Presentation] Validation study of GCOM-C atmosphere products based on SKYNET for success criterion evaluation2022

    • Author(s)
      Irie, H.
    • Organizer
      Joint PI Meeting of Global Environment Observation Mission
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Peculiar COVID-19 effects in the Greater Tokyo Area revealed by spatiotemporal variabilities of tropospheric gases and light-absorbing aerosols2022

    • Author(s)
      Damiani A., H .Irie, D. Belikov, S. Kaizuka, S.H. Hoque, and R.R. Cordero
    • Organizer
      第24回CEReS環境リモートセンシングシンポジウム
  • [Presentation] TROPOMI glyoxal tropospheric column retrievals: description, inter-satellite comparison and validation2021

    • Author(s)
      Lerot, C., F. Hendrick, I. De Smedt, N. Theys, J. Vlietinck, H. Yu, M. Van Roozendael, J. Stavrakou, J.-F. Muller, L. Alvarado, A. Richter, P. Valks, D. Loyola, H. Irie, V. Kumar, T. Wagner, and C. Retscher
    • Organizer
      EGU General Assembly 2021
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Simulating HONO chemistry in a chemistry climate/transport model CHASER (MIROC)2021

    • Author(s)
      Sudo, K., Ha T. M. P., Lola Andres Hernandez, Schreiner Benjamin
    • Organizer
      EMeRGe zoom Workshop TEAM-5
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Can a global chemistry climate model reproduce interannual variabilities and trends of depositions of sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium preserved in the Southeastern Greenland Dome ice core?2021

    • Author(s)
      Sudo K., H. Shiratsuchi, T. Onishi, S. Iizuka
    • Organizer
      the 16th IGAC Conference, Atmospheric Chemistry at a Distance: Real Progress through Virtual Interaction
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] A Modeling Study on the Roles of Cloud Distribution in Global Ozone Chemistry2021

    • Author(s)
      Sudo K., R. Matsuda
    • Organizer
      Quadrennial Ozone Symposium 2021
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Introducing New Lightning Schemes To A Chemistry Climate Model CHASER (MIROC)2021

    • Author(s)
      He, Y., K. Sudo, H.M.S. Hoque
    • Organizer
      Quadrennial Ozone Symposium 2021
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] On MERRA-2 AOD Data Corrected based on Validation Using Ground-based Observations in Phimai, Thailand2021

    • Author(s)
      Ohno, T., H. Irie, and A. M da Silva
    • Organizer
      6th International SKYNET Workshop 2021 Japan
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] RSTAR/WV-CKD: Development of the look-up table of the k-distribution in the gas absorption region around 940 nm for the sky-radiometer data analysis2021

    • Author(s)
      Momoi, M., H. Irie, M. Sekiguchi, T. Nakajima, and H. Takenaka
    • Organizer
      6th International SKYNET Workshop 2021 Japan
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Long-term variations of NO2, SO2, HCHO, and CHOCHO over the Himalayan foothills: Observations from MAX-DOAS, TROPOMI, and GOME-22021

    • Author(s)
      Rawat, P., M. Naja, H. Irie, C. Lerot, and S. Lal
    • Organizer
      6th International SKYNET Workshop 2021 Japan
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Important factors affecting the relationship between sky radiometer and satellite observed cloud properties2021

    • Author(s)
      Khatri, P., T. Hayasaka, H. Irie, and T. Takamura
    • Organizer
      6th International SKYNET Workshop 2021 Japan
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Classifying aerosol types over Japan by k-means clustering from sky-radiometer observations2021

    • Author(s)
      Kobayashi, H., H. Irie, M. Momoi, and T. Ohno
    • Organizer
      6th International SKYNET Workshop 2021 Japan
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] PSTAR/Pn-IMS: Efficient calculation of sky radiative intensity including the polarization effect in moderately thick atmospheres using a truncation approximation2021

    • Author(s)
      Momoi, M., H. Irie, T. Nakajima, and M. Sekiguchi
    • Organizer
      6th International SKYNET Workshop 2021 Japan
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Peculiar COVID-19 effects in the Greater Tokyo Area revealed by the variability in tropospheric gases and light- absorbing aerosols2021

    • Author(s)
      Damiani, A., H. Irie, D. Belikov, T. Takamura, S.H.M. Hoque, and R.R. Cordero
    • Organizer
      6th International SKYNET Workshop 2021 Japan
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Development of international air quality and sky research remote sensing (A-SKY) network2021

    • Author(s)
      Irie, H., A. Damiani, T. Takemura, T. Jarupongsakul, M. Naja, and S.-W. Kim
    • Organizer
      6th International SKYNET Workshop 2021 Japan
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Harmonised Satellite Glyoxal Data Records from TROPOMI, OMI and GOME-22021

    • Author(s)
      Lerot, C., F. Hendrick, M. Van Roozendael, I. De Smedt, N. Theys, J. Vlietinck, H. Yu, J. Van Gent, H. Lee, L. M.A. Alvarado, A. Richter, T. Stavrakou, J.-F. Muller, P. Valks, D. Loyola, H. Irie, V. Kumar, T. Wagner, S. F. Schreier, V. Sinha, T. Wang, P. Wang, and C. Retscher
    • Organizer
      ATMOS 2021
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Consistent glyoxal tropospheric column data sets from satellite nadir LEO instruments and initial retrievals from GEMS2021

    • Author(s)
      Lerot, C., F. Hendrick, M. Van Roozendael, I. De Smedt, N. Theys, J. Vlietinck, H. Yu, J. Van Gent, H. Lee, L. M.A. Alvarado, A. Richter, T. Stavrakou, J.-F. Muller, P. Valks, D. Loyola, H. Irie, V. Kumar, T. Wagner, S. F. Schreier, V. Sinha, T. Wang, P. Wang, and C. Retscher
    • Organizer
      AGU Fall Meeting
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Evaluation of brown carbon light absorbing properties based on filter observation and ground remote sensing2021

    • Author(s)
      Zhu, C., T. Miyakawa, H. Irie, Y. Choi, F. Taketani, and Y. Kanaya
    • Organizer
      AGU Fall Meeting
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Variabilities in PM2.5 and black carbon concentrations reproduced by aerosol optical properties estimated from ground-based observations2021

    • Author(s)
      Damiani, A., H. Irie, H.M.S. Hoque, T. Nakayama, Y. Matsumi, Y. Kondo, and A. Da Silva
    • Organizer
      AGU Fall Meeting
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Development of international air quality and sky research remote sensing (A-SKY) network2021

    • Author(s)
      Irie, H., A. Damiani, T. Takemura, T. Jarupongsakul, M. Naja, and S.-W. Kim
    • Organizer
      AGU Fall Meeting
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Evaluation of the global chemistry transport model CHASER utilizing TROPOMI formaldehyde measurements2021

    • Author(s)
      Hoque, H. M. S., K. Sudo, H. Irie, and T. Sekiya
    • Organizer
      日本地球惑星科学連合大会
  • [Presentation] Validation of SGLI/GCOM-C cloud products using surface and MODIS observation data2021

    • Author(s)
      Khatri, P., T. Hayasaka, H. Irie, and T. Takamura
    • Organizer
      日本地球惑星科学連合大会
  • [Presentation] Exploring ground-based aerosol optical properties to improve satellite estimates of surface particulate matter concentrations2021

    • Author(s)
      Damiani, A., H. Irie, K. Yamaguchi, H. M. S. Hoque, T. Nakayama, Y. Matsumi, and Y. Kondo
    • Organizer
      日本地球惑星科学連合大会
  • [Presentation] Changes in the NO2 weekly cycle under COVID-19 pandemic2021

    • Author(s)
      Damiani, A., H. Irie, S. Hikaru, Y. Cai, D. Belikov, and R. R. Cordero
    • Organizer
      日本地球惑星科学連合大会
  • [Presentation] Validation of HIMAWARI-8 AHI Aerosol Products with SKYNET and AERONET Measurements2021

    • Author(s)
      山本浩万, 入江仁士
    • Organizer
      日本地球惑星科学連合大会
  • [Presentation] Validation and correction of TROPOMI tropospheric NO2 column density data using 4AZ-MAXDOAS at Chiba, Japan2021

    • Author(s)
      齊藤輝、入江仁士, A. Damiani
    • Organizer
      日本地球惑星科学連合大会
  • [Presentation] Accounting for atmospheric factors to estimate photosynthetically active radiation from surface solar irradiance2021

    • Author(s)
      Dai, Y., H. Irie, and A. Damiani
    • Organizer
      日本地球惑星科学連合大会
  • [Presentation] Aerosol type classification of ground-based remote sensing data by k-means clustering2021

    • Author(s)
      小林大祥、入江仁士、桃井裕広
    • Organizer
      日本地球惑星科学連合大会
  • [Presentation] Development of international air quality and sky research remote sensing (A-SKY) network2021

    • Author(s)
      Irie, H., A. Damiani, 竹村俊彦, T. Jarupongsakul, and M. Naja
    • Organizer
      日本地球惑星科学連合大会
  • [Presentation] Continuous and multi-wavelength measurement of aerosol extinction coefficient by long-path propagation of LED light at Chiba, Japan2021

    • Author(s)
      西脇郁弥, 入江仁士, N. D. Lagrosas, 久世宏明
    • Organizer
      日本地球惑星科学連合大会
  • [Presentation] Validation of MERRA-2 Reanalysis Aerosol Products Using Ground-based Observations in Phimai, Thailand, and Factors that Affect Aerosol Optical Depth over the Indochina Peninsula2021

    • Author(s)
      大野健、入江仁士、S. Arlindo, G. Ravi
    • Organizer
      日本地球惑星科学連合大会
  • [Presentation] Introducing new lightning schemes to a chemistry climate model CHASER (MIROC)2021

    • Author(s)
      何彦峰, 須藤健悟
    • Organizer
      日本地球惑星科学連合大会
  • [Presentation] 南極昭和基地においてスカイラジオメータで観測された大気エアロゾルの光学的厚さおよび光学特性の長期変動2021

    • Author(s)
      小林拓, 田中典章, 塩原匡, 平沢尚彦, 山内恭, 入江仁士, 日暮明子, 原圭一郎, 矢吹正教, 長田和雄, 林政彦
    • Organizer
      第38回エアロゾル科学・技術研究討論会
  • [Presentation] Light absorbing organic aerosols at Fukue Island: comparison of filter observation and remote sensing2021

    • Author(s)
      Zhu, C., T. Miyakawa, H. Irie, Y. Choi, F. Taketani, and Y. Kanaya
    • Organizer
      大気化学討論会
  • [Presentation] 日本4地点における地上リモートセンシングで得られたエアロゾル光学特性による地表付近PM2.5、BC濃度の変動解析2021

    • Author(s)
      海塚収英、入江仁士、高村民雄、中山智喜、竹村俊彦、弓本桂也、山本浩万
    • Organizer
      大気化学討論会
  • [Presentation] 大気境界層の水蒸気観測を利用した局地数値予報モデルの精度評価2021

    • Author(s)
      亀井敬介、入江仁士、清水慎吾
    • Organizer
      大気化学討論会
  • [Presentation] 再解析エアロゾルデータの精度検証に基づくインドシナ半島の光散乱/吸収AODの時空間変動2021

    • Author(s)
      大野健、入江仁士、A. M da Silva
    • Organizer
      大気化学討論会
  • [Presentation] マルチスペクトルカメラ(MSC)による大気中水蒸気の2次元空間分布の高速推定2021

    • Author(s)
      西脇郁弥、入江仁士、眞子真弘
    • Organizer
      大気化学討論会
  • [Presentation] 4方位角MAXDOASを利用したTROPOMI対流圏NO2カラム濃度データの検証と補正2021

    • Author(s)
      齊藤輝、入江仁士、A. Damiani
    • Organizer
      大気化学討論会
  • [Presentation] 東アジアの越境大気汚染エアロゾルに及ぼすモンスーンの影響に関する観測的研究2021

    • Author(s)
      蔡穎,入江仁士,A. Damiani
    • Organizer
      日本気象学会
  • [Presentation] Variabilities in PM2.5 and black carbon concentrations reproduced by aerosol optical properties estimated from ground-based observations2021

    • Author(s)
      Damiani, A., H. Irie, H.M.S. Hoque, T. Nakayama, Y. Matsumi, Y. Kondo, and A. Da Silva
    • Organizer
      日本気象学会
  • [Presentation] Global simulation of atmospheric methane by coupling the terrestrial ecosystem model VISIT and the global chemistry model CHASER2021

    • Author(s)
      Nakata, Y., A. Ito, K. Sudo
    • Organizer
      iLEAPS-Japan 研究集会2021「大気-陸域プロセス研究の進展:観測とモデルによる統合的理解」

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Published: 2022-12-28  

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