2022 Fiscal Year Final Research Report
A Comparative Study on Possible Regulation of False Speech and Claims Based on Personal Right
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19K01259
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
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| Allocation Type | Multi-year Fund |
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| Section | 一般 |
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| Review Section |
Basic Section 05010:Legal theory and history-related
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| Research Institution | Kanazawa University |
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Principal Investigator |
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
上机 美穂 東京経済大学, 現代法学部, 教授 (00508707)
西土 彰一郎 成城大学, 法学部, 教授 (30399018)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2019-04-01 – 2023-03-31
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| Keywords | 言論規制 / 虚偽の言論 / フェイク・ニュース / プライヴァシー / 番組放送準則 / 知る権利 |
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
This is a comparative study on possible regulation of false speech. Focusing on specific area of law, which is laws for election campaign, we discovered that the vast majority of US jurisdictions have been eager to regulate false campaign speech. Concerns on over-regulation of problematic speech, which would be found unconstitutional by courts, still remain. It would be fair to say, however, that the US laws never close their eyes to the problem of false speech. German law also recognizes legal duty of journalist taking out of falsehood in its speech, which is associated with the right to know in Japan's context.
With respect to remedial phase, Japanese law has been struggling in finding a proper cause of action. Looking into common law jurisdictions, the torts of false privacy or false light have been emerging and used to deal with the harms of false speech that would not be recognized in Japanese law. Introducing those torts might be an available option.
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| Free Research Field |
外国法 アメリカ憲法
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| Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements |
米国法の理解と現状についての知見を更新できたことが大きな成果である。我が国では、連邦最高裁が、問題のある言論を言論の自由を根拠に結果として保護しているため、米国法が虚偽の言論の規制に消極的であると即断してしまいがちである。しかし実際には、選挙言論を中心に、虚偽を規制しようという動きは、裁判所による違憲判断があるにもかかわらず、むしろ活発化しており、強い関心を示す論文が出版され続けている点が注目される。虚偽といえども規制できないという前提を取ることは、近年の急速なAI技術の発達と、それに伴う政治的意図を持った虚偽の拡散の危険性を考えた時、米国法の結論部分を表面的に参照することは不適切である。
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