2022 Fiscal Year Final Research Report
Politics of Gender Quota: Institutionalization or Backlash?
Project/Area Number |
19K12604
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Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
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Allocation Type | Multi-year Fund |
Section | 一般 |
Review Section |
Basic Section 80030:Gender studies-related
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Research Institution | Ochanomizu University |
Principal Investigator |
SHIN Ki-young お茶の水女子大学, ジェンダー研究所, 教授 (00514291)
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Project Period (FY) |
2019-04-01 – 2023-03-31
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Keywords | クオータ / 女性の政治代表性 / 韓国 / 政党 / 候補者選定 |
Outline of Final Research Achievements |
This research analyzes the effects of electoral gender quotas introduced to ensure gender equal representation in parliament and the impact of gender quotas on women's political representation from the case of South Korea. I conducted a survey of electoral data over the past 20 years, an original survey of male and female lawmakers as well as interviews with political parties and lawmakers. While South Korea's quota laws are deemed to apply to both single-seat constituencies and proportional representation systems, parties have not complied with quotas for single-seat constituencies because those quotas are not legally mandatory. In addition to the fact that the number of female legislators who have entered parliament via quota is small, sharp partisan interests and the power imbalance between political parties make it difficult for female legislators to realize the policies to represent feminist and women's interests.
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Free Research Field |
東アジア比較政治学、ジェンダーと政治、女性の政治代表性
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Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements |
本研究はクオータが実施された以降もクオータ制が十分な効果を発揮できない原因を学術的に解明した点で大きな意義がある。女性の政治参画の壁は政治に参加する前のみ存在するのではなく、クオータが実施されて女性議員が増えても存在する。本研究は「クオータの導入」と「制度的定着」を理論的に区別し、「定着の諸条件」を明らかにすることで、クオータ・バックラッシュにも注目しつつ、これまで議論されてこなかったクオータ制導入後に続く女性の政治的代表性の障壁を明らかにした。今後日本でもクオータ制を導入する際に考慮すべきことは何かについても、実践的な知見を与えられる。
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