2023 Fiscal Year Final Research Report
Targeted next-generation sequencing of patients with sinonasal mucosal melanomas for the identification of novel therapeutic targets
Project/Area Number |
19K18754
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Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists
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Allocation Type | Multi-year Fund |
Review Section |
Basic Section 56050:Otorhinolaryngology-related
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Research Institution | Hokkaido University |
Principal Investigator |
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Project Period (FY) |
2019-04-01 – 2024-03-31
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Keywords | 鼻副鼻腔粘膜悪性黒色腫 / 粘膜悪性黒色腫 / NRAS / CTNNB1 / BRAF / 遺伝子変異 / 次世代シークエンサー / βカテニン |
Outline of Final Research Achievements |
We analyzed genetic mutations in 18 cases of sinonasal mucosal melanoma using next-generation sequencing. NRAS mutations were observed in 6 cases (33%), CTNNB1 mutations in 2 cases (11%), and BRAF mutation in 1 case (5.6%). There were no significant differences in overall survival, recurrence-free survival, or cumulative distant metastasis rates based on the presence of gene mutations (P = 0.79, 0.97, 0.96). Although there were no significant differences in overall survival, recurrence-free survival, or cumulative distant metastasis rates when comparing cases with and without NRAS mutations (P = 0.90, 0.30, 0.55), cases with NRAS mutations showed a tendency towards lower survival rates and higher distant metastasis rates. Immunohistochemical staining revealed nuclear translocation of β-catenin in cases with CTNNB1 mutations.
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Free Research Field |
耳鼻咽喉科頭頸部外科
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Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements |
本邦の鼻副鼻腔粘膜悪性黒色腫では欧米と比べてNRAS変異とCTNNB1変異の頻度が高い可能性が示唆された。NRAS変異例は皮膚および粘膜悪性黒色腫で予後不良との報告があり、CTNNB1変異例では免疫チェックポイント阻害薬の有効性が低下する可能性があると報告されている。BRAF変異は頻度が低く、分子標的治療の対象となる症例は少ないと考えられた。 NRAS変異が予後規定因子であれば、変異例では積極的に適切に治療強度を高めることが可能となりえる。また、CTNNB1変異がICIの治療抵抗性の原因となっているとすれば、治療方法選択の際に判断基準の1つとして用いることができると考えられる。
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