The analysis of how to apply the standards of review: the rational basis test and the presumption of constitutionality

2020 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

• Project/Area Number: 19K23154
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Research Activity Start-up
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Review Section: 0105:Law and related fields
• Research Institution: Kyoto University
• Principal Investigator: Ito Takeshi 京都大学, 法学研究科, 特定助教 (40849220)
• Project Period (FY): 2019-08-30 – 2021-03-31
• Keywords: 違憲審査基準 / 合理性の基準 / 合憲性推定 / 立法事実

Outline of Final Research Achievements

This research analyzed how to apply the rational basis test. First, it focused on the proposition that the rational basis test was divided into the“minimum rational basis test”and the“rational basis test with bite”. It thus suggested that the substantial difference between the two rational basis tests was whether courts balanced governmental interests against constitutional rights.
Second, this research considered what litigants should demonstrate under the rational basis test with the presumption of constitutionality. And, it redefined the meaning of the presumption of constitutionality.

Free Research Field

憲法学

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

本研究は、合理性の基準の実体論的な内容と、合理性の基準の下で訴訟当事者に求められる論証活動を検討し、違憲審査基準の適用方法を明らかにすることで、違憲審査を行う際の裁判所及び訴訟当事者に対する行為指針を提示するという分析視点から出発している。
その研究成果は、わが国の判例が違憲審査基準論を採用することで得られる裁判所の判断の客観性や検証可能性を実践的に示すものであり、実務に対して大きな影響を与える可能性を秘めている点で、重要な意義を有している。