2023 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

The reconstruction of transition and diversity of diet in Japan

Research Project

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Project/Area Number	20H01370
Research Category	Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
Allocation Type	Single-year Grants
Section	一般
Review Section	Basic Section 03060:Cultural assets study-related
Research Institution	The Graduate University for Advanced Studies
Principal Investigator	Sawafuji Rikai 総合研究大学院大学, 統合進化科学研究センター, 日本学術振興会特別研究員(CPD) (50814612)
Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha)	佐宗亜衣子新潟医療福祉大学, リハビリテーション学部, 助教 (10532658) 須藤毅顕東京医科歯科大学, 統合教育機構, 特任講師 (10821168) 長岡朋人青森公立大学, 経営経済学部, 准教授 (20360216) 太田博樹東京大学, 大学院理学系研究科(理学部), 教授 (40401228) 小林宏明東京医科歯科大学, 大学院医歯学総合研究科, 非常勤講師 (50396967) 蔦谷匠総合研究大学院大学, 先導科学研究科, 助教 (80758813) 福原瑶子 (内田瑶子) 岡山大学, 医歯薬学域, 助教 (60779742) 根本昂東京医科歯科大学, 大学院医歯学総合研究科, 非常勤講師 (20964836) 芝多佳彦東京医科歯科大学, 大学院医歯学総合研究科, 助教 (90802306)
Project Period (FY)	2020-04-01 – 2023-03-31
Keywords	生物考古学
Outline of Final Research Achievements	By examining the diversity of foods consumed by humans in the past and changes over time, we can understand the link between livelihoods and economies and dietary habits, and the impact of dietary habits on health. In this study, DNA was extracted from a total of more than 100 modern and ancient dental calculus and aligned to a comprehensive database of plants, animals, bacteria and viruses. The results showed that shotgun sequencing detected very little non-human animal and plant DNA, indicating the need for enrichment of animal and plant DNA. On the other hand, it was found that an old clade unique to Japan existed in oral bacteria commonly found in ancient dental calculus and was passed down to the Edo period. Nitrogen carbon stable isotope analysis of bones and teeth, as well as dentin proteomic analysis, were also carried out and the results reported as papers.
Free Research Field	生物考古学
Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements	本研究は日本における、縄文時代から現代までの食性と口腔細菌の変遷を知る上で重要な情報を提供した。またこのような方法論を他の資料にも適用することで、今後日本の歴史の全体像がより鮮明になると考えられる。