2023 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

New Approach in Particle and Quantum Physics Based on Weak Value and Weak Measurement

Research Project

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Project/Area Number	20H01906
Research Category	Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
Allocation Type	Single-year Grants
Section	一般
Review Section	Basic Section 15010:Theoretical studies related to particle-, nuclear-, cosmic ray and astro-physics
Research Institution	High Energy Accelerator Research Organization
Principal Investigator	Tsutsui Izumi 大学共同利用機関法人高エネルギー加速器研究機構, 素粒子原子核研究所, 特別准教授 (10262106)
Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha)	李宰河東京大学, 生産技術研究所, 助教 (20816607) 田窪洋介大学共同利用機関法人高エネルギー加速器研究機構, 素粒子原子核研究所, 研究機関講師 (50423124) 長谷川祐司北海道大学, 工学研究院, 教授 (60282498)
Project Period (FY)	2020-04-01 – 2023-03-31
Keywords	weak value / weak measurement / Bell inequality / quantum randomness / uncertainty relation
Outline of Final Research Achievements	In this project, we established a general class of uncertainty relations related to the weak value. Also, through the weak measurement in neutron interferometry we confirmed the separable nature of reality of physical quantities. This indicates that the weak value represents the sensitivity of physical interactions which yield the transition of states specified in weak measurement, and this is exemplified by the connection between the quantum resonance and the weak value amplification. As application, we propose the use of prolongation of lifetime in the weak value for precision measurement of the CP violation. We also examine the feasibility of the Bell test in the Atlas experiment at CERN with entangled B meson pairs. As a by-product, we showed that a secure random number generation is possible from parity symmetric radiations, while the quantum randomness is hardly distinguishable from pseudo-randomness under standard randomness measures such as the Borel normality.
Free Research Field	量子基礎論、素粒子論
Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements	本研究の学術的意義は、量子力学の基礎問題の一つである物理量の実在性に関して、弱値の概念に基づいて新しい知見を得たことである。端的に言えば、弱値は不確定性関係における中核的概念であり、また遷移確率振幅における測定物理量の感度に相当し、これに基づく考察から１粒子の持つ複数の物理量の分離性が確証される。また量子共鳴現象は実質的には弱値の増幅現象に他ならない。本研究は、弱値を利用した測定はCPの破れなど素粒子物理学の新しい実験方法を提供し、また逆にB中間子対の崩壊現象を利用したベル不等式の検証実験を可能にするなど、多様な物理分野での相互的な貢献が期待される点で、社会的意義があるものと考えられる。