Postwar development of school facilities and review of results: Focusing on the Heisei period

2023 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

• Project/Area Number: 20K02495
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Section: 一般
• Review Section: Basic Section 09010:Education-related
• Research Institution: Tokyo City University
• Principal Investigator: YASHIKI Kazuyoshi 東京都市大学, 建築都市デザイン学部, 教授 (70150026)
• Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha): 山口 勝己 東京都市大学, 共通教育部, 教授 (30200611)
• Project Period (FY): 2020-04-01 – 2024-03-31
• Keywords: オープン型教室 / 教科教室制 / 多目的スペースの補助 / 教員の評価 / 学校建築史

Outline of Final Research Achievements

Subsidies for multipurpose spaces, which began in 1984, brought about major changes in school architecture in Japan, including the spread of open-type classrooms in elementary schools and the development of departmentalized classroom system buildings in junior high schools.
In this study, we used case studies to clarify the continuation of team teaching, which was the aim of the subsidies for multipurpose spaces, over the past 60 years. We then analyzed the evolution of open-type classroom construction, which was introduced based on the United States, and revealed that as a result of many years of facility construction, it has arrived at a sliding door style that takes sound and line of sight into consideration.
Furthermore, we showed that the COVID-19 pandemic has called for a reconsidering of the significance and effectiveness of departmentalized classroom system, and that the construction of departmentalized classroom system buildings is at a crossroads.

Free Research Field

教育計画、学校経営、建築計画

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

学術的意義として、①多目的スペースの補助開始以降オープン型教室整備がどのような変遷をたどったかについて、本研究は初めて実証的に明らかにしたこと、②コロナ禍が教科教室制にどのような影響を与えたかを明らかにした唯一の研究であること、③学校施設整備を建築分野からの評価ではなく学校運営という教育の視点から評価し検証したこと、④平成以降の学校建築史の一端を整理したこと、が挙げられる。
社会的意義としては、本研究成果は国や自治体における今後の学校施設整備の重要な基礎資料となることが考えられる。