2023 Fiscal Year Final Research Report
A virological and immunological study on measles transmission under vaccine-acquired immunity
| Project/Area Number |
20K10464
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
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| Allocation Type | Multi-year Fund |
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| Section | 一般 |
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| Review Section |
Basic Section 58020:Hygiene and public health-related: including laboratory approach
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| Research Institution | Osaka Institute of Public Health |
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Principal Investigator |
Kurata Takako 地方独立行政法人 大阪健康安全基盤研究所, 微生物部, 主幹研究員 (70435890)
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
上林 大起 地方独立行政法人 大阪健康安全基盤研究所, 微生物部, 主任研究員 (50622560)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2020-04-01 – 2024-03-31
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| Keywords | 麻疹 / 修飾麻疹 / ワクチン / 集団免疫 |
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
Although measles is a vaccine-preventable disease, the number of measles patients with vaccination records (modified measles) is increasing.
In this study, we reported the following data.
1) Long-term epidemiological and seroepidemiological analyses in Osaka prefecture revealed that decreased herd immunity was a factor in the increased modified measles cases. 2) Virological and immunological analyses revealed that measles viral genome copy numbers in peripheral blood nuclear cells (PBMCs) and throat swabs in modified measles patients were significantly lower than in naive patients who did not have immunity against measles. The viral genome copy numbers and the measles-specific IgG titers negatively correlated.3) Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level, which potentially indicates PBMC disruption caused by the measles virus, correlates with blood viral genome levels in measles patients and would be an indicator to distinguish between modified and naive measles patients.
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| Free Research Field |
公衆衛生
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| Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements |
麻疹はワクチンで予防できる疾患であるが、近年はワクチン獲得免疫は終生免疫とはならず、ワクチン接種者であっても麻疹に対する免疫の低下により感染のリスクがあることが明らかになっている。本研究では、修飾麻疹患者ではウイルス排泄量は少なく、感受性者への感染伝播リスクは低い傾向にあることを科学的に証明した。これらは麻疹アウトブレイク発生時の接触者調査におけるリスク評価に貢献できるデータであり、公衆衛生学上に意義がある。また、血清疫学調査により明らかになった集団における液性免疫の低下は今後も継続して確認する必要があり、麻疹患者発生時のアウトブレイク規模の推定に貢献できると考えられる。
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