2023 Fiscal Year Final Research Report
Research on Criteria for Judgment of Self-Defense in Mutual Fighting Situations Based on Jury Trials
| Project/Area Number |
20K13351
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists
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| Allocation Type | Multi-year Fund |
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| Review Section |
Basic Section 05050:Criminal law-related
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| Research Institution | Chuogakuin University |
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Principal Investigator |
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| Project Period (FY) |
2020-04-01 – 2024-03-31
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| Keywords | 刑法 / 正当防衛 / 相互闘争状況 / 裁判員裁判 / 自招侵害 / 正当防衛状況 / 侵害の急迫性 |
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
With regard to the judgment on whether or not self-defense is possible in a mutual combat situation, the essence of the judgment clarified that the attitude of the aggressor makes the opposing act lose its defensive action nature in a situation where the “expansion of the mutual combat situation” is created.And in order to make such judgments stably in jury trials, we attempted to categorize the cases according to the nature of frank cases rather than from a theoretical standpoint, and were able to present specific criteria for judgment for each category.
In addition, we also examined that the so-called “principle of legal certainty” is the appropriate theory of justification for self-defense, and the current state of trial practice in lower courts after the Supreme Court's decision in 2009, which has become a guideline for current practice.
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| Free Research Field |
刑事法学
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| Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements |
裁判員裁判の導入以降、相互闘争状況における正当防衛の問題については、従来の判例理論の難解さなどをりゆうとして、裁判員裁判において一般市民である裁判員がその問題点を理解して適切な判断を行えるようにするためにはどうすべきかが重要な問題として指摘されてきた。本研究で示した見解は、そのような難解な問題について、理論的な見地ではなく、事案の率直な事実的な性質に着目した類型化を試みることにより、法律知識を持たない裁判員が当該事案の問題点を十分に理解して、適切な判断を安定して行えるようにするものである点において、学術的意義のみならず社会的に重要な意義を有するものである。
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