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2022 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

A comparative neurocognitive study in autistic patients and animal models on the mechanism of perceptual enhancement

Research Project

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Project/Area Number 20K14262
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund
Review Section Basic Section 10040:Experimental psychology-related
Research InstitutionKyorin University

Principal Investigator

Atsumi Takeshi  杏林大学, 医学部, 助教 (90781005)

Project Period (FY) 2020-04-01 – 2023-03-31
Keywords自閉症 / 感覚過敏 / マウス / fMRI / 時間認知 / 抑制機能 / QPS / 注意
Outline of Final Research Achievements

We analyzed the neural and molecular biological basis of sensory hyperresponsiveness (SR) and specific attentional functions in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). An analysis of the effects of distractors on the stimulus temporal processing revealed that the stronger the distractor effect, the stronger SR in ASDs with relatively low frontal lobe functions such as attention. Emotional face presentation in the timing task showed higher neural activity in the prefrontal cortices in the ASD participants who exhibited an improvement in the task. In the autism model mice, the strain with lower temporal resolution showed a strong effect of task-irrelevant stimuli on the timing task. Activation of the mouse prefrontal cortex seemed to weaken the effect.
It is speculated that the prefrontal cortices are involved in SR and the emotion-induced enhancement of information processing in specific genetic backgrounds of ASD.

Free Research Field

実験心理学、発達障害

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

自閉症スペクトラム障害(ASD)では、無関係な情報にも逐一引きつけられる特異な注意機能や、些細な刺激への感覚過敏がみられる。これらは刺激の局所情報の処理が優位であるASDの知覚機能の亢進(EPF)を反映するものと考えられる。これまで、ASDの注意機能と感覚過敏の関係、およびその背景は明らかではなかった。感覚過敏のメカニズムについてその解明は未だ端緒についたばかりであるが、本研究の知見は一部のASD当事者では前頭前野の特異な活動が過敏性を増強に関与していることを示唆するものである。過敏性の神経・分子生物学的基盤の解明から、将来の分子ターゲットや介入法の構築への足がかりを得ることが期待される。

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Published: 2024-01-30  

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