Transformation of space from second-floor Zashiki to private rooms in the exterior design of Japanese two-story detached houses

2022 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

• Project/Area Number: 20K14932
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Review Section: Basic Section 23040:Architectural history and design-related
• Research Institution: Saga University
• Principal Investigator: FUCHIKAMI Takayuki 佐賀大学, 理工学部, 助教 (00530172)
• Project Period (FY): 2020-04-01 – 2023-03-31
• Keywords: 住宅近代化 / 2階建て / 二階座敷 / 客間 / 階段 / 応接間 / 寝室 / 住宅書

Outline of Final Research Achievements

This study clarified the process of spatial transformation from a second-floor drawing room (zashiki) to private rooms in a two-story detached house, using floor plans and discourse published in housing books during the prewar period. The floor plans clearly indicate a distinct change in the use of the second floor as a family bedroom in the 9th year of the Taisho era, suggesting the influence of the lifestyle improvement movement that developed from the mid-Taisho era to the early Showa era. However, it took a certain period of time, until the 6th year of the Showa era, for the arrangement of stairs to undergo a theoretical formation based on the second-floor room use.

Free Research Field

建築史

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

伝統的住宅が接地型の平屋住宅であったのに対し、明治以降に徐々に普及し始める2階建て独立住宅の成立過程の様子の一端について整理を行っている。今日では当たり前の姿ともみなされる2階建て独立住宅の誕生の過程についてはこれまで具体的に明らかにされてこなかった。住宅平面を階層的に捉え、かつ各階を統合して居住空間を考案するという思考がどのようにして発達したのか、こうした事象を歴史的変化の枠組みで捉えるための重要な知見になると考えられる。