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2022 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

Approach toward creating a cytoplasmic male sterility line from a normal cultivar by genome-editing of nuclear genes

Research Project

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Project/Area Number 20K21300
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research (Exploratory)

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund
Review Section Medium-sized Section 39:Agricultural and environmental biology and related fields
Research InstitutionTohoku University

Principal Investigator

Toriyama Kinya  東北大学, 農学研究科, 教授 (20183882)

Project Period (FY) 2020-07-30 – 2023-03-31
Keywords育種学 / 遺伝学 / 遺伝子 / ゲノム / 植物 / イネ
Outline of Final Research Achievements

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS; the phenomenon of pollen death due to incompatibility between the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes) is used in the breeding of F1 hybrid varieties. In this study, we found that cultivated rice varieties also have a cryptic CMS-causing gene, orf288, in the mitochondrial genome, although it is not manifested due to a nuclear Rf gene that suppress the expression of orf288. We demonstrated that CMS is manifested, when the Rf gene has a deletion. This study demonstrated the possibility of generating CMS lines by nuclear genome editing.

Free Research Field

植物分子育種学

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

一代雑種品種は、F1が両親に比べ旺盛な生育を示す性質を利用したもので、市販されているほとんどの野菜、トウモロコシ、ソルガムなどは一代雑種品種であり、その育種に細胞質雄性不稔性(CMS;ミトコンドリアゲノムと核ゲノムの相性が悪く花粉が死滅する現象)が使われている。CMS系統は近縁野生種に栽培種を連続戻し交雑することで育種されてきた。しかし、利用できる近縁野生種が限られており、既存の品種を利用できる新システムの開発が種苗業界から求められている。本研究では標準的な普通の栽培品種から、価値の高いCMS系統を生み出す新システムを開発できる可能性を示した。

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Published: 2024-01-30  

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