2023 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

Cross-sectional and longitudinal study to elcidate the actual status of dementia and its secular change among older residents in Hisayama town

Research Project

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Project/Area Number	21K07522
Research Category	Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
Allocation Type	Multi-year Fund
Section	一般
Review Section	Basic Section 52030:Psychiatry-related
Research Institution	Kyushu University
Principal Investigator	Ohara Tomoyuki 九州大学, 大学病院, 講師 (20623630)
Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha)	吉田大悟福岡看護大学, 看護学部, 准教授 (10596828) 中尾智博九州大学, 医学研究院, 教授 (50423554) 二宮利治九州大学, 医学研究院, 教授 (30571765)
Project Period (FY)	2021-04-01 – 2024-03-31
Keywords	認知症 / 危険因子 / 軽度認知障害 / 嗅覚 / 網膜 / 有病率 / 罹患率
Outline of Final Research Achievements	By using the follow-up data of the development of dementia, we revealed that the influence of daily sleep duration on the risk of dementia differed according to serum sTREM2 levels. In addition, the risk of dementia increased significantly with higher white matter lesions volume-to-intracranial brain volume ratio (WMLV/ICV) levels. An additive increment in dementia risk was observed with higher WMLV/ICV levels and lower total brain volume-to-ICV levels. A cross-sectional study of dementia in an older population showed that individuals with impaired olfactory identification or inner retinal thickness had significantly higher prevalence of dementia/mild cognitive impairment and lower volume of hippocampus, amygdala, temporal lobe, and occipital lobe than those without. Furthermore, the decreasing trends in the prevalence of dementia were observed since 2012 in a Japanese older population, probably due to the decrement of incidence of dementia.
Free Research Field	認知症
Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements	認知症のリスク低減のためにその危険因子・防御因子を解明することは世界共通の課題である。疾患修飾薬の登場により認知症やMCIの早期発見が課題となっているなか、本研究結果により嗅覚と網膜を通じた簡便かつ非侵襲的な方法で認知機能低下のハイリスク群を同定できることが示唆される。さらに、わが国でも認知症の有病率が欧米諸国と同じ減少傾向に転じており、その背景には健康教育の普及や生活習慣病の管理改善など国民の健康意識が向上していることが示唆される。