2022 Fiscal Year Final Research Report
Developing methods to improve neuronal function by targeting membrane fluidity in neurons.
Project/Area Number |
21K19342
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Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research (Exploratory)
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Allocation Type | Multi-year Fund |
Review Section |
Medium-sized Section 47:Pharmaceutical sciences and related fields
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Research Institution | Nagoya City University |
Principal Investigator |
Hattori Mitsuharu 名古屋市立大学, 医薬学総合研究院(薬学), 教授 (60272481)
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Project Period (FY) |
2021-07-09 – 2023-03-31
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Keywords | 神経細胞 / 精神神経疾患 / 細胞膜 / 脂質 / スフィンゴミエリン / リーリン |
Outline of Final Research Achievements |
It is well known that the lipid composition of neuronal cell membranes differs significantly from that of other cell membranes, but the mechanism underlying this difference and its full biological significance remain largely unresolved. In this study, we reviewed the function of neurons from the viewpoint of membrane fluidity and aimed to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of lipid molecules constituting the plasma membrane and the local fluidity of neurons. We partly clarified the regulatory mechanism of the amount of sphingomyelin, a lipid necessary for the functional regulation of many proteins on the neuronal membrane, and found that fluidity is higher in the growth cone of neurons (the tip of neurites) than in other parts of the cell. This study provides validity to a new hypothesis regarding the onset and exacerbation of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Free Research Field |
分子神経科学
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Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements |
疫学研究から、脳における多価不飽和脂肪酸(PUFA)の減少が統合失調症や記憶障害などの精神神経疾患の悪化要因であることが強く示唆されている。また、PUFAが神経細胞(特にシナプス)で重要な機能をもつことは判っている。しかし、個々のPUFA分子が個別に重要な意義をもつのか、または、生体膜における炭素数と二重結合数のバランス(≒膜流動性)が重要なのかは不明である。本研究は、脳の機能に重要なリーリンという分泌タンパク質が統合失調症や記憶障害などの発症に関与する機構と、膜流動性の調節機構という、二つの(一見)独立した問題を結びつけたという点で大きな価値をもつと考えている。
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