2023 Fiscal Year Final Research Report
Mother and child health support from breast-feeding period throughout the life: Elucidating lipid quality and nutritional physiology of human breast milk
| Project/Area Number |
21K19664
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research (Exploratory)
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| Allocation Type | Multi-year Fund |
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| Review Section |
Medium-sized Section 58:Society medicine, nursing, and related fields
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| Research Institution | Okayama Prefectural University |
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Principal Investigator |
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
岡崎 愉加 岡山県立大学, 保健福祉学部, 准教授 (50224001)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2021-07-09 – 2024-03-31
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| Keywords | 母乳 / リピドミクス / 多価不飽和脂肪酸 / 脂質メディエーター / 酵素 / 乳腺炎 |
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
A comparison of human milk and cow milk by lipidomic analysis showed that human milk had a higher content of unsaturated fatty acids, similar proportions of ω3 and ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and a higher proportion of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM), indicating a superior lipid composition compared to cow milk. Lipidomic analysis of mouse milk showed the milk composition was similar to that of human milk. Then we made screening of mouse phospholipase A2 isozymes related to mammary gland development and identified some kind of PLA2. The recombinant enzyme was prepared and we analyzed the enzyme activities on some phospholipids and clarified substrate affinity. The PLA2 exhibited to release PUFAs from the phospholipid sn-2 position, indicating that the enzyme may contribute to the milk lipid composition.
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| Free Research Field |
脂質生化学
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| Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements |
乳汁栄養の質は，乳児の将来の肥満や生活習慣病に深く関係すると考えられる。乳児期栄養のエネルギー比率50%を担う脂質については，エネルギー源として重要であることや神経や網膜の発達に必須の多価不飽和脂肪酸が多く含まれること以外に，その意義についてはあまり分かっていない。本研究では，母乳の「脂質の質」とそれを決定する酵素を調査し，母乳の脂質成分組成が牛乳と比較しても，大変優れていることを見出した。本研究成果は，母乳の新しい栄養生理学的な意義に加え，母乳育児の新たな意義を示すものである。さらに，この優れた母乳の脂質成分組成の情報は，人工栄養（乳児用調製乳）の改良へも貢献できるかもしれない。
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