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2023 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

Catastrophic caldera forming eruption revealed by petrological and experimental study of lubrication of crystal-mush

Research Project

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Project/Area Number 21KK0055
Research Category

Fund for the Promotion of Joint International Research (Fostering Joint International Research (B))

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund
Review Section Medium-sized Section 17:Earth and planetary science and related fields
Research InstitutionTohoku University

Principal Investigator

Okumura Satoshi  東北大学, 理学研究科, 准教授 (40532213)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 並木 敦子  名古屋大学, 環境学研究科, 准教授 (20450653)
新谷 直己  東北大学, 理学研究科, 助教 (80880103)
Project Period (FY) 2021-10-07 – 2024-03-31
Keywordsカルデラ噴火 / クリスタルマッシュ / 発泡 / 流動化 / 減圧実験
Outline of Final Research Achievements

This study aims to evaluate the idea that bubbles in magma lubricate crystal mash and make it possible to ascend to the surface. We performed decompression experiments to investigate bubble formation processes and their roles on magma lubrication. Based on these experiments, we found that bubbles induce magma lubrication when the decompression rate is high, while bubbles segregate when the decompression rate is low. In addition, the bubble segregation occurred when the decompression proceeds stepwise even if the decompression rate is high.
By comparing these experimental results with actual caldera forming eruption conditions (decompression history and rate), it is inferred that bubble segregation does not occur during caldera-forming eruptions and hence the formation of gas bubbles cause the lubrication of crystal mush.

Free Research Field

火山学

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

カルデラ噴火は発生頻度は高く無いが,一旦発生すればその地表環境への影響は非常に大きい。本研究では,カルデラ噴火を引き起こすクリスタルマッシュの噴出原因を明らかにする研究を進めた。これまで明らかにされていなかったクリスタルマッシュ中での気泡形成を詳細に調べた結果,クリスタルマッシュが流動化するためにはマグマが急激に減圧される必要があることが分かった。さらに,実際のカルデラ噴火ではそのような急激な減圧が達成されている可能性が示され,クリスタルマッシュを噴出するカルデラ噴火の発生原因は急激な減圧と気泡形成である可能性が提案された。

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Published: 2025-01-30  

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