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2013 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

海半球計画の新展開 : 最先端の海底観測による海洋マントルの描像

Research Project

Project/Area Number 22000003
Research InstitutionThe University of Tokyo

Principal Investigator

歌田 久司  東京大学, 地震研究所, 教授 (70134632)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 川勝 均  東京大学, 地震研究所, 教授 (60242153)
塩原 肇  東京大学, 地震研究所, 准教授 (60211950)
馬場 聖至  東京大学, 地震研究所, 助教 (70371721)
一瀬 建日  東京大学, 地震研究所, 助教 (60359180)
末次 大輔  海洋研究開発機構, 地球内部ダイナミクス領域, 地球深部活動研究プログラム・プログラムディレクター (20359178)
Project Period (FY) 2010-04-21 – 2015-03-31
Keywords海洋マントル / リソスフェア / アセノスフェア / マントル遷移層 / 海底観測 / 最先端技術
Research Abstract

前年度に引き続き、北西太平洋シャツキー海台の北西の海域Aおよび南東の海域Bにおける海底長期観測を継続した。平成25年8月に実施した傭船(OOC(株)の作業船「かいゆう」)による観測航海により、これまでに設置した全ての自己浮上型機器(広帯域海底地震形BBOBSおよび海底電磁力計OBEM)を回収した。さらに一部の観測点にはBBOBSやOBEMを再設置して、長期観測を続けるとともに、新たな観測点に装置を設置して観測網の充実をはかった。
この航海で回収したデータと、平成24年度までに回収しデータの統合解析を行なった。海域Aと海域Bの平均海洋底年代はそれぞれ一億三千万年および一億三千五百万年とわずかな違いしかないので、両者からはほぼ同じマントル構造が得られるものと予想された。しかし、解析の結果はこのわずかな年代の違いではとても説明し難い程の大きな違いを示した。昨年度末の段階では、海底電磁気観測から求めた電気伝導度構造についてのみこのような傾向が示唆されただけであったが、地震波速度構造および異方性についても、海域Aと海域Bの違いは顕著なものがあり、「ふつう」の海洋マントルに年代(リソスフェアの冷却)だけでは説明のつかない強い不均質が存在することがより確かなものとなった。
一方室内実験からは、上部マントルの主要鉱物であるオリビンの結晶軸選択配向に、粒界すべり卓越の拡散クリープ下での変形が重要な役割を果たすことが示され、これによって観測で得られている地震波速度異方性の分布をよく説明できた。さらに、追加配分によって、クリープ試験において電気伝導度測定および弾性波速度測定のその場での同時測定ができる変形試験機を導入した。来年度に完了する予定の海底観測データの解析結果に、この実験システムによる物性測定結果を組み合わせることにより、粘性・電気伝導度および地震波速度(異方性も含めて)などのデータの全てを説明する最適解(=海洋マントルの描像)を明らかにする準備が整った。

Current Status of Research Progress
Current Status of Research Progress

2: Research has progressed on the whole more than it was originally planned.

Reason

当初計画では平成25年度に予定していた最先端の観測装置の回収が平成26年度にずれ込んだというマイナス要素はあるものの、回収したデータからは興味深い結果が得られつつ有る. また、これまでに設置した海底観測点数は、当初予定を上回つているのに加えて、最終年度の航海では当初計画になかった制御震源による構造探査を行なうので、より詳細な構造推定ができるものと期待される。室内実験も、順調に進んでいる。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

最終年度(平成26年度)には、研究船と傭船による合計2回の航海を実施して、これまでに設置した全ての機器を回収する予定である。傭船航海では、制御震源による探査を行い、新たな情報を得る。観測機器回収後は速やかにデータを解析して成果を得る。そのための解析手法等の準備は十分に整っている。

  • Research Products

    (55 results)

All 2014 2013 Other

All Journal Article (25 results) (of which Peer Reviewed: 25 results) Presentation (26 results) (of which Invited: 7 results) Book (1 results) Remarks (3 results)

  • [Journal Article] Three-dimensional simulation of the electromagnetic fields induced by the 2011 Tohoku tsunami2014

    • Author(s)
      Zhang, L.L., Utada, H., Shimizu, H., Baba, K., Maeda, T.
    • Journal Title

      J. Geophys. Res.(Solid Earth)

      Volume: 119 Pages: 150-168

    • DOI

      10.1002/2013JB010264

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Estimating the electrical conductivity of the melt phase of a partially molten asthenosphere from seafloor magnetotelluric sounding data2014

    • Author(s)
      Utada, H, Baba, K.
    • Journal Title

      Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.

      Volume: 227 Pages: 41-47

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.pepi.2013.12.004

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Three-dimensional resistivity structure and magma plumbing system of the Kirishima volcanoes as inferred from broad-band magnetotelluric data2014

    • Author(s)
      Aizawa, K., Koyama, T., Hase, H., Uyeshima, M., Kanda, W., Utsugi, M., Yoshimura, R., Yamaya, Y., Hashimoto, T., Yamazaki, K., Komatsu, S., Watanabe, A., Miyakawa, K. and Ogawa, Y.
    • Journal Title

      JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH : SOLID EARTH

      Volume: 119 Pages: 198-215

    • DOI

      10.1002/2013JB010682

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Broadband Ocean Bottom Seismology2014

    • Author(s)
      Suetsugu, D., and H. Shiobara
    • Journal Title

      Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences

      Volume: 42(印刷中)

    • DOI

      10.1146/annurev-earth-060313-054818

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Intricate heterogeneous structures of the top 300 km of the Earth's inner core inferred from global array data : I. Regional 1D attenuation and velocity profiles2014

    • Author(s)
      Iritani, R., Takeuchi, N. & Kawakatsu, H.
    • Journal Title

      Phys. Earth Planet. Int.

      Volume: (印刷中)

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Strength of slab inferred from the seismic tomography and geologic history around the Japanese Islands2014

    • Author(s)
      S. Honda
    • Journal Title

      Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.

      Volume: (印刷中)(in press)

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Influence of mineral fraction on the rheological properties of forsterite + enstatite during grain size sensitive creep : 3 Application of grain growth and flow, laws on peridotite ultramylonitel : Grain size and grain growth laws.2014

    • Author(s)
      Tasaka, M., Hiraga, T. and Michibayashi, K.
    • Journal Title

      J. Geophys. Res.

      Volume: 119 Pages: 840-857

    • DOI

      10.1002/2013JB010619

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Tsunami : Ocean dynamo generator2014

    • Author(s)
      Sugioka, H., Y. Hamano, K. Baba, T. Kasaya, N. Tada, D. Suetsugu
    • Journal Title

      Scientific Reports

      Volume: 4 Pages: 1-7

    • DOI

      10.1038/srep03596

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] The response of the dayside equatorial electrojet to step-like changes of IMF Bz.2013

    • Author(s)
      Ohtani, S., Uozumi, T., Kawano, H., Yoshikawa, A., Utada, H., Nagatsuma, T., Yumoto, K.
    • Journal Title

      J. Geophys. Res. (Space physics)

      Volume: 194 Pages: 3637-3646

    • DOI

      10.1002/jgra.50318

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Subduction of oceanic asthenosphere : A Critical Appraisal in Central Alaska2013

    • Author(s)
      Song, T. -R. A., and H. Kawakatsu
    • Journal Title

      Earth and Planetary Science Letters

      Volume: 367 Pages: 82-94

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Extraction of Moho-generated phases from vertical and radial receiver functions of seismic array2013

    • Author(s)
      Tonegawa, T., R. Iritani, and H. Kawakatsu
    • Journal Title

      Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.

      Volume: 103 Pages: 2011-2024

    • DOI

      10.1785/0120120295

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Radially anisotropic structure beneath the Shikoku Basin from broadband surface wave analysis of ocean bottom seismometer records2013

    • Author(s)
      Takeo, A., K. Nishida, T. Isse, H. Kawakatsu, H. Shiobara, H. Sugioka, and T. Kanazawa
    • Journal Title

      J. Geophys. Res.

      Volume: 118 Pages: 41-659

    • DOI

      10.1002/jgrb.50219

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Small-scale heterogeneities in the oceanic lithosphere inferred from guided waves2013

    • Author(s)
      Shito, A., D. Suetsugu, T. Furumura, H. Sugioka, and A. Ito
    • Journal Title

      Geophys. Res. Lett

      Volume: 40

    • DOI

      10.1002/grl.50330

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Can a sheet-like low-velocity region form an elongated Large Igneous Province?2013

    • Author(s)
      Namiki, A., Sueyoshi, K. & Takeuchi, N.
    • Journal Title

      Geochem. Geophys. Geosys.

      Volume: 14 Pages: 3053-3066

    • DOI

      10.1002/ggge.20182

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Three-dimensional inversion of magnetotelluric phase tensor data2013

    • Author(s)
      Patro, P. K., Uyeshima, M. and Siripunvaraporn, W
    • Journal Title

      Geophysical Journal International

      Volume: 192 Pages: 58-66

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Consequences of viscous anisotropy in a deforming, two-phase aggregate. Part 1. Governing equations and linearized analysis2013

    • Author(s)
      Y. Takei and R. F. Katz
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Fluid Mechanics

      Volume: 734 Pages: 424-455

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Consequences of viscous anisotropy in a deforming, two-phase aggregate. Part 2. Numerical solutions of the full equations2013

    • Author(s)
      R. F. Katz and Y. Takei
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Fluid Mechanics

      Volume: 734 Pages: 456-485

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Influence of mineral fraction on the rheological properties of forsterite + enstatite during grain size sensitive creep 1 : Grain size and grain growth laws.2013

    • Author(s)
      Tasaka, M. and Hiraga, T.
    • Journal Title

      J. Geophys. Res.

      Volume: 118

    • DOI

      10.1002/jgrb.50285

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Influence of mineral fraction on the rheological properties of forsterite + enstatite during grain size sensitive creep 2 : Deformation experiments2013

    • Author(s)
      Tasaka, M., Hiraga, T. and Zimmerman, M. E.
    • Journal Title

      J. Geophys. Res.

      Volume: 118

    • DOI

      10.1002/jgrb.50284

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Comparison of microstructures in superplastically deformed synthetic materials and natural mylonites : Mineral aggregation via grain boundary sliding2013

    • Author(s)
      Hiraga, T., Miyazaki, T. Yoshida, H. and Zimmerman. M. E.
    • Journal Title

      Geology

      Volume: 41 Pages: 959-962

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Olivine crystals align during diffusion creep of Earth' s upper mantle2013

    • Author(s)
      Miyazaki, T., Sueyoshi, K. and Hiraga
    • Journal Title

      Nature

      Volume: 502 Pages: 321-326

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] One-dimensional modeling of multiple scattering in the upper inner core : Depth extent of a scattering region in the Eastern hemisphere2013

    • Author(s)
      Tanaka, S.
    • Journal Title

      J. Earth Sci.

      Volume: 24 Pages: 706-715

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] High-velocity anomaly adjacent to the western edge of the Pacific low-velocity province2013

    • Author(s)
      Idehara, K., Tanaka, S., Takeuchi, N.
    • Journal Title

      Geophys. J. Int.

      Volume: 192 Pages: 1-6

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Finite frequency whole mantle P wave tomography : Improvement of subducted slab images2013

    • Author(s)
      Obayashi, M., J. Yoshimitsu, G. Nolet
    • Journal Title

      Geophys. Res. Lett.

      Volume: 40 Pages: 5652-5657

    • DOI

      10.1002/2013GL057401

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Subducted slabs stagnant above, penetrating through, and trapped below the 660 km discontinuity2013

    • Author(s)
      Fukao Y. and M. Obayashi
    • Journal Title

      J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth

      Volume: 118 Pages: 5920-5938

    • DOI

      10.1002/2013JB010466

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Presentation] Experimental study of attenuation and dispersion of a polycrystalline material from purely elastic to viscous behavior : towards seismological application2014

    • Author(s)
      Yasuko Takei, Fumiya Karasawa, Hatsuki Yamauchi
    • Organizer
      Geofluid-3
    • Place of Presentation
      東京工業大学デジタル多目的ホール(東京都目黒区)
    • Year and Date
      20140228-0303
  • [Presentation] Tsunami-induced electromagnetic fields in the ocean2014

    • Author(s)
      Sugioka, H. Y. Hamano
    • Organizer
      IASPEI2014
    • Place of Presentation
      Göteborg Convention Centre (Gothenburg, Sweden)
    • Year and Date
      2014-07-26
  • [Presentation] 「ふつうの海洋マントル」プロジェクトによって明らかになった海洋マントルの構造2014

    • Author(s)
      一瀬建日・塩原肇・杉岡裕子・伊藤亜妃・竹尾明子・歌田久司・川勝均・利根川貴志・田中聡
    • Organizer
      BlueEarth 2014
    • Place of Presentation
      東京海洋大学品川キャンパス(東京都港区)
    • Year and Date
      2014-02-20
  • [Presentation] Simulation of the electromagnetic fields induced by Tohoku tsunamis of 20112014

    • Author(s)
      Luolei Zhang, Hisashi Utada, Hisayoshi Shimizu, Kiyoshi Baba, Takuto Maeda
    • Organizer
      Conductivity Anomaly meeting
    • Place of Presentation
      東京大学地震研究所(東京都文京区)
    • Year and Date
      2014-01-08
  • [Presentation] OBSs with the self burying broadband sensor in the NOMan project and an new style OBS for the ultra-deep sea2013

    • Author(s)
      H. Shiobara, H. Sugioka, T. Isse, A. Ito, M. Shinohara, T. Kanazawa
    • Organizer
      IRIS OBSIP, OBS Workshop
    • Place of Presentation
      The Portofino Hotel (Redondo Beach, CA, USA)
    • Year and Date
      20131021-1022
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] BBOBS-NX : practical observation tool for broadband seismology at the seafloor2013

    • Author(s)
      H. Shiobara, H. Sugioka, T. Isse, A. Ito, M. Shinohara, T.
    • Organizer
      Joint Assembly IAHS-IASPO-IASPEI
    • Place of Presentation
      Göteborg Convention Centre (Gothenburg, Sweden)
    • Year and Date
      20130722-0726
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Experimental study on anelasticity of polycrystalline material for seismological application2013

    • Author(s)
      Y Takei
    • Organizer
      CIDER Workshop on Seismic Attenuation in the Earth s Mantle
    • Place of Presentation
      Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, New York (USA)
    • Year and Date
      20130509-10
  • [Presentation] In-situ characterization of the lithosphere/asthenosphere system of the "normal oceanic" mantle via ocean bottom geophysical observations : first results of the NOMan project2013

    • Author(s)
      H. Kawakatsu
    • Organizer
      AGU(アメリカ地球物理連合) Fall Meeting
    • Place of Presentation
      The Moscone Center (San Francisco, USA)
    • Year and Date
      2013-12-11
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Preliminary result of the oceanic mantle structure revealed by "Normal Oceanic Mantle Project"2013

    • Author(s)
      T. Isse, H. Shiobara, H. Sugioka, A. Ito, A. Takeo, H. Utada, H. Kawakatsu, T. Tonegawa, S. Tanaka
    • Organizer
      AGU 2013 fall meeting
    • Place of Presentation
      THE Moscone Center (サンフランシスコ・アメリカ合衆国)
    • Year and Date
      2013-12-11
  • [Presentation] Development of crystal-preferred orientation of olivine during diffusion creep : a matter of olivine crystal shape2013

    • Author(s)
      Miyazaki, T., Sueyoshi, K. and Hiraga T.
    • Organizer
      American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting
    • Place of Presentation
      The Moscone Center (San Francisco, USA)
    • Year and Date
      2013-12-11
  • [Presentation] Preliminary analysis of seismic anisotropy in the uppermost mantle beneath NW Pacific reveled by the Normal Oceanic Mantle project2013

    • Author(s)
      A. Takeo, T. Isse, K. Nishida, H. Kawakatsu, H. Shiobara, H. Sugioka, A. Ito, H. Utada
    • Organizer
      AGU 2013 fall meeting
    • Place of Presentation
      THE Moscone Center (サンフランシスコ・アメリカ合衆国)
    • Year and Date
      2013-12-09
  • [Presentation] Toward in-situ Characterization of the Lithosphere/Asthenosphere System of the《Normal Oceanic》Mantle2013

    • Author(s)
      H. Kawakatsu
    • Organizer
      College de France workshop : "Structure and Dynamics of the Lithosphere/Asthenosphere System"
    • Place of Presentation
      Collège de France (Paris, FRANCE)
    • Year and Date
      2013-11-19
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] The three-dimensional conductivity structure in the upper mantle beneath the Philippine Sea and the western Pacific Ocean2013

    • Author(s)
      Noriko Tada, Kiyoshi Baba, Hisashi Utada
    • Organizer
      地球電磁気・地球惑星圏学会 第134回総会及び講演会
    • Place of Presentation
      高知大学朝倉キャンパス(高知県高知市)
    • Year and Date
      2013-11-03
  • [Presentation] Toward In-Situ Characterization of the Lithosphere/Asthenosphere System of the "Normal Oceanic" Mantle : The NOMan Project2013

    • Author(s)
      H. Kawakatsu
    • Organizer
      Ocean Bottom Seismograph Workshop
    • Place of Presentation
      The Portofino Hotel (Redondo Beach, CA, USA)
    • Year and Date
      2013-10-21
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] 海洋多重反射波の補正法(広帯域海底地震計間P波相対走時測定のための)2013

    • Author(s)
      大林政行・石原 靖・末次大輔
    • Organizer
      日本地震学会2013年秋季大会
    • Place of Presentation
      神奈川県民ホール、産業貿易センター(神奈川県横浜市)
    • Year and Date
      2013-10-09
  • [Presentation] 「ふつうの海洋マントル」プロジェクトによって明らかになった海洋マントルの構造2013

    • Author(s)
      一瀬建日・塩原肇・杉岡裕子・伊藤亜妃・竹尾明子・歌田久司・川勝均・利根川貴志・田中聡
    • Organizer
      日本地震学会2013年度秋季大会
    • Place of Presentation
      神奈川県民ホール、産業貿易センター(神奈川県横浜市)
    • Year and Date
      2013-10-08
  • [Presentation] フィリピン海プレートを伝播するPo/So波2013

    • Author(s)
      志藤あずさ・末次大輔・古村孝志
    • Organizer
      日本地震学会2013年秋季大会
    • Place of Presentation
      神奈川県民ホール、産業貿易センター(神奈川県横浜市)
    • Year and Date
      2013-10-08
  • [Presentation] Random heterogeneities in the Philippine Sea plate inferred from guided waves2013

    • Author(s)
      志藤あずさ
    • Organizer
      IASPEI General Assembly
    • Place of Presentation
      Göteborg Convention Centre (Gothenburg, Sweden)
    • Year and Date
      2013-07-24
  • [Presentation] Thickening of a Basal Low Velocity Layer in the Mantle beneath the Western Pacific Detected by Short-Period P-waves near the Core Shadow Zone2013

    • Author(s)
      Tanaka, S., H Kawakatsu, M Obayashi, Y John Chen, J Ning, S Grand, F Niu, J Ni
    • Organizer
      AOGS2013
    • Place of Presentation
      Brisbane Convention & Exhibition Centre, Brisbane, Australia
    • Year and Date
      2013-06-28
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Past achievements and new attempts in seismological studies2013

    • Author(s)
      Tanaka, S.
    • Organizer
      Gordon Research Conference on the Interior of the Earth
    • Place of Presentation
      Mount Holyoke College South Hadley, MA, USA
    • Year and Date
      2013-06-03
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Absence of the Stagnant Slab beneath Northeast China Constrained by a Seismic Station in Mongolia2013

    • Author(s)
      竹内 希・NECESSArray Project Team
    • Organizer
      日本地球惑星科学連合大会
    • Place of Presentation
      幕張メッセ国際会議場(千葉県千葉市)
    • Year and Date
      2013-05-23
  • [Presentation] Three-dimensional analysis technique for marine magnetotelluric method2013

    • Author(s)
      Noriko Tada
    • Organizer
      日本地球惑星科学連合大会(JpGU)
    • Place of Presentation
      幕張メッセ国際会議場(千葉県千葉市)
    • Year and Date
      2013-05-22
  • [Presentation] The three-dimensional conductivity structure beneath the Philippine Sea and the western Pacific Ocean2013

    • Author(s)
      Noriko Tada, Kiyoshi Baba, Hisashi Utada
    • Organizer
      日本地球惑星科学連合大会(JpGU)
    • Place of Presentation
      幕張メッセ国際会議場(千葉県千葉市)
    • Year and Date
      2013-05-22
  • [Presentation] Topography of the inner core boundary inferred from frequency dependent amplitude ratio of PKiKP/PcP2013

    • Author(s)
      Satoru Tanaka, Hrvoje Tkalcic
    • Organizer
      日本地球惑星科学連合大会(JPGU, 2013)
    • Place of Presentation
      幕張メッセ国際会議場(千葉県千葉市)
    • Year and Date
      2013-05-21
  • [Presentation] Three-dimensional simulation of the electromagnetic fields induced by tsunamis : A case study for the 2011 Tohoku Tsunami2013

    • Author(s)
      Luolei Zhang, Hisashi Utada, Hisayoshi Shimizu, Kiyoshi Baba, Takuto Maeda
    • Organizer
      5th International Symposium on Three-Dimensional Electromagnetics
    • Place of Presentation
      北海道大学コファレンスホール(北海道札幌)
    • Year and Date
      2013-05-09
  • [Presentation] Three-dimensional electrical conductivity structure beneath the Philippine Sea using three-dimensional marine MT inversion dealing with topographic effect2013

    • Author(s)
      Noriko Tada, Kiyoshi Baba, Hisashi Utada
    • Organizer
      5th International Symposium on Three-Dimensional Electromagnetics "Future Challenges"
    • Place of Presentation
      北海道大学コファレンスホール(北海道札幌)
    • Year and Date
      2013-05-09
  • [Book] 2013 Elasticity, anelasticity, and viscosity of a partially molten rock. In Physics and Chemistry of the Deep Earth (ed. S. Karato)2013

    • Author(s)
      Takei, Y.
    • Total Pages
      402 (66-93)
    • Publisher
      John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
  • [Remarks] ふつうの海洋マントル

    • URL

      http://www.eri.u-tokyo.ac.jp/yesman/index_j.html

  • [Remarks] 海底からのぞく新しい地球

    • URL

      http://www.noman.jp/

  • [Remarks] 「with-earth. jp」

    • URL

      http://with-earth.jp/

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Published: 2015-07-15  

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