大規模降水遮断実験による熱帯林の一斉開花現象のメカニズム解明

2013 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

• Project/Area Number: 23255002
• Research Institution: Tohoku University
• Principal Investigator: 中静 透 東北大学, 生命科学研究科, 教授 (00281105)
• Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha): 酒井 章子 京都大学, 生態学研究センター, 准教授 (30361306) ; 市岡 孝朗 京都大学, 人間・環境学研究科(研究院), 教授 (40252283) ; 熊谷 朝臣 名古屋大学, 地球水循環研究センター, 准教授 (50304770) ; 中川 弥智子 名古屋大学, 生命農学研究科, 准教授 (70447837) ; 市榮 智明 高知大学, 自然科学系, 准教授 (80403872)
• Project Period (FY): 2011-04-01 – 2015-03-31
• Keywords: 熱帯林 / 一斉開花 / 短期乾燥 / 操作実験

Outline of Annual Research Achievements

人工的な乾燥を引き起こすため、対照木を選木し、実験を行う準備を始めたところ、昨年に引き続き、自然状態で開花が観察され始めたため、開花の推移を見守ることとした。しかし、開花は大規模であり、人口開花実験としての意味がほとんどなくなったため、急遽実験をとりやめ、自然状態での一斉開花観測に切り替えた。自然状態と実験によるものを比較するため、以下のような項目について調査を行った。
1.展葉・開花を引き起こす樹木の生理的閾値と樹体内の水分動態と展葉・開花・結実に伴う樹木内部の炭水化物や栄養塩の動態、2.展葉にともなう食葉性昆虫の動態と送粉共生系の変化および種子―種子捕食者関係の変化、3.開花・展葉が生態系全体の物質収支に与える影響。
一方、昨年の結果とこれまでの長期観測の結果を合わせて整理した結果、1992年から約20年以上にわたる長期の開花特性が明らかとなった。そのデータを解析した結果、一斉開花への参加頻度の種による違い、乾燥時に水分をどの土壌深度から利用するか、さらに両性質間の相関関係などが解析できた。また、開花時の食葉性昆虫、送粉昆虫、種子捕食昆虫などの組成の一般性についても解析が可能であることが分かった。現在これらのデータを分析中である。一方、こうした開花現象を引き起こす気象刺激とエルニーニョなど地球規模での気象変動との関係についても、これまでより長期のデータによる解析が可能となったため、現在これを用いた詳細な検討を行っている。

Current Status of Research Progress

3: Progress in research has been slightly delayed.

Reason

これまで、数年に一度しか観測されなかった一斉開花現象が、ほぼ毎年見られるようになり、人工的に感想を引き起こす実験が難しくなっている。一回開花をすると、樹体の物質循環などを考えると、少なくとも半年以上は実験を避けたいので、開花が終わったといっても、すぐに実験を行うことは難しく、遅れを取り戻すのが困難である。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

来年度が最後のチャンスとなるため、十分に準備をして開花実験を行う。もし、再度開花をするようであれば、開花実験を行う計画を変更し、これまで得られた長期データの解析と過去の開花実験のデータの解析に方向転換する。

Research Products

• [Journal Article] Chronosequential changes in butterfly diversity during forest restoration after swidden cultivation in a humid tropical rainforest region in Borneo. (2015)
  • Author(s): Itioka, T., Takano, K. T., Kishimoto-Yamada, K., Tzuchiya, T., Ohshima, Y., Katsuyama, R., Yago, M., Yata, O., Nakagawa, M. & Nakashizuka, T.
  • Journal Title: Journal of Forest Research Volume: 20 Pages: 125-134
  • DOI: 10.1007/s10310-014-0444-3
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Exploitation of food bodies on Macaranga myrmecophytes by larvae of a lycaenid species, Arhopala zylda (Lycaeninae). (2014)
  • Author(s): Shimizu-kaya, U., Okubo, T. and Itioka, T.
  • Journal Title: ournal of the Lepidopterists’ Society Volume: 68(1) Pages: 31-36
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Host plant use by two Orthomeria (Phasmida: Aschiphasmatini) species feeding on Macaranga myrmecophytes. (2014)
  • Author(s): Shimizu-kaya, U. and Itioka, T.
  • Journal Title: Entomological Science Volume: 18(1) Pages: 113-122
  • DOI: 10.1111/ens.12093
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] A new genus and species of myrmecophilous brentid beetle (Coleoptera: Brentidae) inhabiting the myrmecophytic epiphytes in the Bornean rainforest canopy. (2014)
  • Author(s): Maruyama, M., Bartolozzi, L., Inui, Y., Tanaka, H. O., Hyodo, F., Shimizu-kaya, U., Takematsu, Y., Hishi, T. and Itioka, T.
  • Journal Title: Zootaxa Volume: 3786(1) Pages: 73-78
  • DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3786.1.5
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Differences in female reproductive success between female and hermaphrodite individuals in the subdioecious shrub Eurya japonica (Theaceae). (2014)
  • Author(s): H. Wang, M. Matsushita, N. Tomaru, M. Nakagawa.
  • Journal Title: Plant Biology Volume: 17(1) Pages: 194-200
  • DOI: 10.1111/plb.12189
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Deforestation-induced reduction in rainfall. (2013)
  • Author(s): Kumagai, T., Kanamori, H. and Yasunari, T.
  • Journal Title: Hydrological Processes Volume: 27(25) Pages: 3811-3814
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Carbon allocation in a Bornean tropical rainforest without dry seasons. (2013)
  • Author(s): Katayama, A., Kume, T., Komatsu, H., Saitoh, T., Ohashi, M., Nakagawa, M., Suzuki, M., Otsuki, K. and Kumagai, T.
  • Journal Title: Journal of Plant Research Volume: 126(4) Pages: 505-515
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Ontogenetic changes in carbohydrate storage and sprouting ability in pioneer tree species occurring in Peninsular Malaysia. (2013)
  • Author(s): Kenzo, T., Ichie, T., Yoneda, R., Tanaka-Oda, A., Azani, M. A. and Majid, N. M.
  • Journal Title: Biotropica Volume: 45 Pages: 427-433
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Seasonality in phytophagous scarabaeid (Melolonthinae and Rutelinae) abundances in an ‘aseasonal’ Bornean rainforest. (2013)
  • Author(s): Kishimoto-Yamada, K. and Itioka, T.
  • Journal Title: Insect Conservation and Diversity Volume: 16 Pages: 179-188
  • DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-4598.2012.00201.x
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Change in biomass of symbiotic ants throughout the ontogeny of a myrmecophyte, Macaranga beccariana (Euphorbiaceae). (2013)
  • Author(s): Handa, C., Okubo T., Yoneyama, A., Nakamura, M., Sakaguchi, M., Takahashi, N., Okamoto, M., Tanaka-Oda, A., Kenzo, T., Ichie, T. and Itioka, T.
  • Journal Title: Journal of Plant Research Volume: 126(1) Pages: 73-79
  • DOI: 10.1007/s10265-012-0500-z
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Effects of remnant primary forests on ant and dung beetle species diversity in a secondary forest in Sarawak, Malaysia. (2013)
  • Author(s): Kishimoto-Yamada, K., Hyodo, F., Matsuoka, M., Hashimoto, Y., Kon, M., Ochi, T., Yamane, S., Ishii, R., Itioka, T.
  • Journal Title: Journal of Insect Conservation Volume: 17(3) Pages: 591-605
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Tree community structure, dynamics, and diversity partitioning in a Bornean tropical forested landscape. (2013)
  • Author(s): Nakagawa, M., Momose, K., Kishimoto-Yamada, K., Kamoi, T., Tanaka, H. O., Kaga, M., Yamashita, S., Itioka, T., Nagamasu, H., Sakai, S., Nakashizuka, T.
  • Journal Title: Biodiversity and Conservation Volume: 22(1) Pages: 127-140
  • DOI: 10.1007/s10531-012-0405-0
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Assemblage of flower visitors to Dillenia suffruticosa and possible negative effects of disturbances in Sarawak, Malaysia. (2013)
  • Author(s): Tokumoto, Y., Itioka, T., Ohkubo, T., Tadauchi, O., Nakagawa, M.
  • Journal Title: Entomological Science Volume: 16(3) Pages: 341-351
  • DOI: 10.1111/ens.12018
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Microfungi associated with a myrmecophyte Macaranga bancana. (2013)
  • Author(s): Hirose, D., Sakai, S., Itioka, T., Osono, T.
  • Journal Title: Tropics Volume: 22(1) Pages: 19-25
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Myrmecoxeny in Arhopala zylda (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) larvae feeding on Macaranga myrmecophytes. (2013)
  • Author(s): Shimizu-kaya, U., Okubo, T., Inui, Y., Yago, M. and Itioka, T.
  • Journal Title: Entomological News Volume: 123(1) Pages: 63-70
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Potential host range of myrmecophilous Arhopala butterflies feeding on Macaranga myrmecophytes. (2013)
  • Author(s): Shimizu-kaya, U., Okubo, T., Inui, Y., and Itioka, T.
  • Journal Title: Journal of Natural History Volume: 47(43-44) Pages: 2707-2717
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Wide host ranges of herbivorous beetles? : Insights from DNA barcoding. (2013)
  • Author(s): Kishimoto-Yamada, K., Kamiya, K., Meleng, P., Diway, B., Kaliang, H., Chong, L., Itioka, T., Sakai, S. and Ito, M.
  • Journal Title: PlosOne Volume: 8(9) Pages: e74426
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] New Pilophorus species associated with Macaranga trees from Malaysia (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae). (2013)
  • Author(s): Nakatani, Y., Komatsu, T., Ueda, S., Itino, T., Shimizu-kaya, U., Itioka, T. and Hashim, R.
  • Journal Title: Tijdschrift voor Entomologie Volume: 156(2-3) Pages: 113-126
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] アリ植物を食べる昆虫: オオバギ属のアリ植物を利用する植食性昆虫 (2013)
  • Author(s): 市岡孝朗
  • Journal Title: 北方林業 Volume: 65(4) Pages: 113-116
• [Journal Article] Recovery of litter and soil invertebrate communities following swidden cultivation in Sarawak, Malaysia. (2013)
  • Author(s): M. Yoshima, Y. Takematsu, A. Yoneyama, M. Nakagawa.
  • Journal Title: The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Volume: 61 Pages: 767－777
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Relationships between functional traits and the ability of forest tree species to reestablish in secondary forest and enrichment plantations in the uplands of northern Thailand (2013)
  • Author(s): Lamthai Asanok, Dokrak Marod, Prateep Duengkae, Umpron Pranmongkol, Hiroko Kurokawa, Masahiro Aiba, Masatoshi Katabuchi, Tohru Nakashizuka
  • Journal Title: Forest Ecology and Management Volume: 296 Pages: 9-23
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Presentation] Changes in the use of ecosystem services by local people: cause and consequences (2014)
  • Author(s): Shoko SAKAI,Choy Yee KEONG,Miyako KOIZUMI,Keiko KISHIMOTO-YAMADA,Masahiro ICHIKAWA,Yumi KATO,Kohei Takenaka TAKANO,Takao ITIOKA,Ryoji SODA,Hiromitsu SAMEJIMA,Izuru SAIZEN,Tohru NAKASHIZUKA,
  • Organizer: Global Land Project Open Science Meeting
  • Place of Presentation: Berlin（Germany）
  • Year and Date: 2014-03-19 – 2014-03-21
• [Presentation] 放射性炭素を用いた熱帯雨林樹木の成長量解析技術の開発 (2014)
  • Author(s): 市栄智明, 吉原良, 高山佳苗, 五十嵐秀一, 田中憲蔵, 新山馨, Abd Rahman Kassim, Christine Dawn Fletcher, 陀安一郎
  • Organizer: 第61回日本生態学会
  • Place of Presentation: 広島市
  • Year and Date: 2014-03-16 – 2014-03-16
• [Presentation] Pollination in tropical forests: specialization, network structure and pollinator availability (2014)
  • Author(s): Sakai, S.
  • Organizer: 第61回日本生態学会大会
  • Place of Presentation: 広島市
  • Year and Date: 2014-03-14 – 2014-03-18
• [Presentation] ヒサカキの花の形態的特徴と訪花昆虫群集における性差 (2014)
  • Author(s): 王けい・戸丸信弘・中川弥智子
  • Organizer: 第61回日本生態学会大会
  • Place of Presentation: 広島市
  • Year and Date: 2014-03-14 – 2014-03-18
• [Presentation] 蛇紋岩地・黄柳野における樹木群集の種組成に立地環境が与える影響 (2014)
  • Author(s): 樋口恵吾・松下通也・渡辺洋一・中川弥智子
  • Organizer: 第61回日本生態学会大会
  • Place of Presentation: 広島市
  • Year and Date: 2014-03-14 – 2014-03-18
• [Presentation] 実生群集動態は上層木の影響を受けるのか？ (2014)
  • Author(s): 渡辺直登・岡田知也・大谷奏恵・中川弥智子
  • Organizer: 第61回日本生態学会大会
  • Place of Presentation: 広島市
  • Year and Date: 2014-03-14 – 2014-03-18
• [Presentation] 根の分解率は何によって決まるかね？―熱帯樹木の太根を用いた分解実験と材特性分析― (2014)
  • Author(s): 堀めぐみ・中川弥智子
  • Organizer: 第61回日本生態学会大会
  • Place of Presentation: 広島市
  • Year and Date: 2014-03-14 – 2014-03-18
• [Presentation] フタバガキ科樹木の吸水深度と開花頻度の関係 (2014)
  • Author(s): 川原和眞・酒井章子・青木万実・松尾奈緒子・中川弥智子
  • Organizer: 第61回日本生態学会大会
  • Place of Presentation: 広島市
  • Year and Date: 2014-03-14 – 2014-03-18
• [Presentation] ボルネオ島の熱帯雨林における物質生産と樹木群集の動態に対する干ばつの長期的インパクト (2014)
  • Author(s): 藤井新次郎・佐藤永・熊谷朝臣・中川弥智子
  • Organizer: 第61回日本生態学会大会
  • Place of Presentation: 広島市
  • Year and Date: 2014-03-14 – 2014-03-18
• [Presentation] International Workshop on Ecological Knowledge for Adaptation on Climate Change (2013)
  • Author(s): Tohru Nakashizuka
  • Organizer: Ecological adaptation to climatic change
  • Place of Presentation: Bang Krachao, Thailand
  • Year and Date: 2013-12-02 – 2013-12-03
• [Presentation] Influence of under-growing bamboos to the aboveground biomass in a tropical seasonal forest, Thailand (2013)
  • Author(s): Tanaka,H. Marod,D. Kutintara,U. Panuthai,S. Hirai,K. Takahashi,M. Saito,T. Nakashizuka,T. and Saito,T.
  • Organizer: International Workshop on Ecological Knowledge for Adaptation on Climate Change
  • Place of Presentation: Bang Krachao, Thailand
  • Year and Date: 2013-12-02 – 2013-12-03
• [Presentation] Regeneration dynamics during 20 years in abandoned areas of a tropical seasonal forest (2013)
  • Author(s): Dokrak Marod, Utis Kutintara, Torlarp Kamyo, Hiroshi Tanaka, Masamichi Takahashi, Shigeo Kobayashi and Tohru Nakashizuka
  • Organizer: International Workshop on Ecological Knowledge for Adaptation on Climate Change
  • Place of Presentation: Bang Krachao, Thailand
  • Year and Date: 2013-12-02 – 2013-12-03
• [Presentation] Evaluating Forest Ecosystem Functions/Services based on Plant Functional Traits (2013)
  • Author(s): Hiroko Kurokawa, Masahiro Aiba, Tohru Nakashizuka
  • Organizer: International Workshop on Ecological Knowledge for Adaptation on Climate Change
  • Place of Presentation: Bang Krachao, Thailand
  • Year and Date: 2013-12-02 – 2013-12-03
• [Presentation] Plant Functional Traits and the Factors Determining Regeneration Affecting of Forest Tree Species Reestablish Ability in Uplands Restoration Practice, Northern Thailand (2013)
  • Author(s): Lamthai Asanok, Dokrak Marod, Prateep Duengkae, Umpron Pranmongkol, Hiroko Kurokawa, Masahiro Aiba, Masatoshi Katabuchi and Tohru Nakashizuka
  • Organizer: International Workshop on Ecological Knowledge for Adaptation on Climate Change
  • Place of Presentation: Bang Krachao, Thailand
  • Year and Date: 2013-12-02 – 2013-12-03
• [Presentation] ナラ枯れで失われる恐れのある里山旧薪炭林の経済評価 (2013)
  • Author(s): 今村航平・馬奈木俊介・中静 透
  • Organizer: 日本生態学会東北地区会
  • Place of Presentation: 弘前市
  • Year and Date: 2013-10-19 – 2013-10-20
• [Presentation] Development in assessment on biodiversity and ecosystem services in Japan. (2013)
  • Author(s): Nakashizuka, T
  • Organizer: Asia-Pacific Regional workshop on Regional Interaction of IPBES
  • Place of Presentation: Seoul, Korea
  • Year and Date: 2013-09-02 – 2013-09-04
• [Presentation] シンガポール断片化林に生育するフタバガキ科雑種稚樹の乾燥耐性能力 (2013)
  • Author(s): 市栄智明, 則近由貴, 田中憲蔵, 上谷浩一, Shawn Lum
  • Organizer: 第23回日本熱帯生態学会年次大会
  • Place of Presentation: 福岡市
  • Year and Date: 2013-06-05 – 2013-06-05
• [Presentation] マレー半島におけるフタバガキ科ショレア属種間雑種の分布 (2013)
  • Author(s): 上谷浩一, Dwiyanti Fifi Gus, 原田光, 田中憲蔵, 米田令仁, Mohamad Azani Alias, Muhamad Nik Majid, Shawn Lum, 名波哲, 市栄智明
  • Organizer: 第23回日本熱帯生態学会年次大会
  • Place of Presentation: 福岡市
  • Year and Date: 2013-06-05 – 2013-06-05
• [Book] 一斉開花：多様な種が同調して刻む繁殖リズム. 新田梢、陶山佳久編. 生物リズムの生態学 時をはかる生物たちの多様性 (2015)
  • Author(s): 佐竹暁子,沼田真也, 谷尚樹, 市栄智明
  • Total Pages: 印刷中
  • Publisher: 文一総合出版
• [Book] 熱帯林の生態学－空中の生物多様性－. 井出雄二, 大河内勇, 井上真編. 教養としての森林学 (2014)
  • Author(s): 市栄智明
  • Total Pages: 252(222-224)
  • Publisher: 文英堂出版