高コントラスト撮像装置による恒星極近傍の系外惑星の直接探査

2013 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

• Project/Area Number: 23340051
• Research Institution: National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
• Principal Investigator: GUYON Olivier 国立天文台, ハワイ観測所, ＲＣＵＨ職員 (90399288)
• Project Period (FY): 2011-04-01 – 2014-03-31
• Keywords: 太陽系外惑星 / 補償光学 / コロナグラフ / 惑星形成

Research Abstract

研究代表者の目標は、系外惑星及び円盤構造の直接撮像を可能にする技術の確立である。視線速度法等の間接的な手法では惑星の存在がすでに確認されているが、恒星の極近傍領(1～10天文単位)の「直接撮像」は、既存観測装置では未だ手が届いていない。本観測は研究代表者の太陽系における生命居住可能領域での惑星形成と進化を理解する鍵となる重要なテーマである。そこで、研究代表者は新装置「SubaruCoronagraphic Extreme Adaptive Optics (SCExAO）」を開発し、すばる望遠鏡に搭載することでこのゴールを目指している。2013年度、研究代表者は実際の試験観測で、将来の惑星探査の鍵となる技術開発に成功。特に以下の3点について大きな進歩を実現した。
1、低次波面センサーの開発：観測中における星像の劣化(位置や焦点のズレ)を抑制することが可能となり、PIAAおよびVortexと呼ばれる位相調節型新コロナグラフの性能を高めることに成功。2、高速読み出し波面センサーの開発：無変調型ピラミッド形状の新波面センサーを実際の観測で制御することに成功。これまでの100倍以上の感度を持ち、より高コントラスト撮像が可能となるため低質量の惑星探査に威力を発揮する。3、光学的残差を減らす制御系と解析手法の開発：中心星の回折パターンをリアルタイムで制御し、近傍にコントラストの高い領域を生み出すことで周囲の惑星候補をこれまで以上に容易に分離が可能。
本技術は、既にすばる望遠鏡の各ユーザーが使用可能であり、現在もさらなる高性能化に向けて開発中である。将来、惑星自身の性質を調べる面分光装置「CHARIS」と合わせた運用が検討されている。

Current Status of Research Progress

Reason

25年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

25年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。

Research Products

• [Journal Article] Central-Obscuration Removal Plates for Focal-Plane Phase-Mask Coronagraphs with a Centrally-Obscured Telescope (2014)
  • Author(s): Oshiyama, Fumika; Murakami, Naoshi; Guyon, Olivier, Martinache, Frantz
  • Journal Title: Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific Volume: Volume126, issue937 Pages: 270-279(10)
  • DOI: 10.1086/675807
• [Journal Article] High Performance Lyot and PIAA Coronagraphy for Arbitrarily shaped Telescope Apertures (2014)
  • Author(s): Olivier Guyon; Philip H. Hinz; Eric Cady; Ruslan Belikov, Frantz Martinache
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: Volume780, Issue2 Pages: 171(18)
  • DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/780/2/171
• [Journal Article] The Moving Group Targets of the SEEDS High-contrast Imaging Survey of Exoplanets and Disks: Results and Observations from the First Three Years (2014)
  • Author(s): Brandt, Timothy D.; Kuzuhara, Masayuki; McElwain, Michael W.; Schlieder, Joshua E.; Wisniewski, John P.; Turner, Edwin L.; Carson, J.; Matsuo, T.; Biller, B.; Bonnefoy, M.; Dressing, C.; Janson, M.; Knapp, G. R.; Moro-Martín, A.; Thalmann, C.; Kudo, T.; Kusakabe, N.; Hashimoto, J.; Abe, L.; Guyon, O.
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 786 Pages: 1-25
  • DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/786/1/1
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] High-resolution Submillimeter and Near-infrared Studies of the Transition Disk around Sz 91 (2014)
  • Author(s): Takashi Tsukagoshi, Munetake Momose, Jun Hashimoto, Tomoyuki Kudo, Sean Andrews, Masao Saito, Yoshimi Kitamura, Nagayoshi Ohashi, David Wilner, Ryohei Kawabe, Lyu Abe, Eiji Akiyama, Wolfgang Brandner, Timothy D. Brandt, Joseph Carson, Thayne Currie, Sebastian E. Egner, Miwa Goto, Carol Grady, Olivier Guyon
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 783 Pages: 1-10
  • DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/783/2/90
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Characterization of the gaseous companion κ Andromedae b. New Keck and LBTI high-contrast observations (2014)
  • Author(s): Bonnefoy, M.; Currie, T.; Marleau, J. E.; Wisniewski, J.; Carson, J.; Covey, K. R.; Henning, T.; Biller, B.; Hinz, P.; Klahr, H.; Marsh Boyer, A. N.; Zimmerman, N.; Janson, M.; McElwain, M.; Mordasini, C.; Skemer, A.; Bailey, V.; Thalmann, C.; Skrutskie, M.; Allard, F.; Homeier, D.; Tamura, M.; Guyon, O.
  • Journal Title: Astronomy & Astrophysics Volume: 562 Pages: 1-20
  • DOI: DOI:10.1051/0004-6361/201322119
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] SCExAO: First Results and On-Sky Performance (2014)
  • Author(s): Currie, Thayne; Guyon, Olivier; Martinache, Frantz; Clergeon, Christophe; McElwain, Michael; Thalmann, Christian; Jovanovic, Nemanja; Singh, Garima; Kudo, Tomoyukilergeon, Michael McElwain, Christian Thalmann, Nemanja Jovanovic, Garima Singh, Tomoyuki Kudo
  • Journal Title: Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union, IAU Symposium Volume: 299 Pages: 34-35
  • DOI: 10.1017/S1743921313007746
• [Journal Article] Direct Imaging of a Cold Jovian Exoplanet in Orbit around the Sun-like Star GJ 504 (2013)
  • Author(s): M. Kuzuhara, M. Tamura, T. Kudo, M. Janson, R. Kandori, T. D. Brandt, O. Guyon
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: Volume774, Issue1 Pages: 11(18)
  • DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/774/1/11
• [Journal Article] Simultaneous Exoplanet Characterization and Deep Wide Field Imaging with a diffractive pupil telescope (2013)
  • Author(s): Olivier Guyon, Josh A. Eisner, Roger Angel, Neville J. Woolf, Frantz, Martinache
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: Volume767, Issue1 Pages: 11-32(22)
  • DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/767/1/11
• [Journal Article] Laboratory Demonstration of Astrometric Compensation Using a Diffractive Pupil (2013)
  • Author(s): Bendek, Eduardo A.; Guyon, Olivier; Ammons, S. Mark; Belikov, Ruslan
  • Journal Title: Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific Volume: 125 Pages: 1212-1225
  • DOI: 10.1086/673373
• [Journal Article] Direct Imaging Detection of Methane in the Atmosphere of GJ 504 b (2013)
  • Author(s): Markus Janson, Timothy D. Brandt, David S. Spiegel, Christian Thalmann, Thayne Currie, Bonnefoy, Neil Zimmerman, Satoko Sorahana, Takayuki Kotani, Jun Hashimoto, Tomoyuki Kudo, Nobuhiko Kusakabe, Lyu Abe, Wolfgang Brandner, Joseph C. Carson, Sebastian Egner, Miwa Goto, Grady, Olivier Guyon, Yutaka Hayano
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Letters Volume: 778 Pages: 1-6
  • DOI: 10.1088/2041-8205/778/1/L4
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Optimal beam combiner design for nulling interferometers (2013)
  • Author(s): Olivier Guyon, Bertrand Mennesson, Eugene Serabyn, Stefan Martin
  • Journal Title: Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific Volume: 125 Pages: 951-965
  • DOI: 10.1086/671816
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Direct Imaging Search for Extrasolar Planets in the Pleiades (2013)
  • Author(s): Kodai Yamamoto, Taro Matsuo, Hiroshi Shibai, Yoichi Itoh, Mihoko Konishi, Jun Sudo, Ryoko Tanii, Misato Fukagawa, Takahiro Sumi, Tomoyuki Kudo, Jun Hashimoto, Nobuhiko Kusakabe, Lyu Abe, Wolfgang Brandner, Timothy D. Brandt, Joseph Carson, Thayne Currie, Sebastian E. Egner, Markus Feldt, Miwa Goto, Olivier Guyon,
  • Journal Title: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan Volume: 65 Pages: 1-19
  • DOI: 10.1093/pasj/65.4.90
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] The SEEDS Direct Imaging Survey for Planets and Scattered Dust Emission in Debris Disk Systems (2013)
  • Author(s): Markus Janson, Timothy D. Brandt, Amaya Moro-Martin, Tomonori Usuda, Christian Thalmann, Joseph C. Carson, Miwa Goto, Thayne Currie, M. W. McElwain, Yoichi Itoh, Misato Fukagawa, Justin Crepp, Masayuki Kuzuhara, Jun Hashimoto, Tomoyuki Kudo, Nobuhiko Kusakabe, Lyu Abe, Sebastian Egner, Olivier Guyon,
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 773 Pages: 1-11
  • DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/773/1/73
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] High-Contrast Near-Infrared Imaging Polarimetry of the Protoplanetary Disk around RY Tau (2013)
  • Author(s): Michihiro Takami, Jennifer L. Karr, Jun Hashimoto, Hyosun Kim, John Wisnewski, Thomas Henning, Carol A. Grady, Ryo Kandori, Klaus W. Hodapp, Tomoyuki Kudo, Nobuhiko Kusakabe, Mei-Yin Chou, Yoichi Itoh, Munetake Momose, Satoshi Mayama, Thayne Currie, Katherine B. Follette, Jungmi Kwon, Lyu Abe , Olivier Guyon,
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 772 Pages: 1-17
  • DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/772/2/145
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Mapping H-band Scattered Light Emission in the Mysterious SR21 Transitional Disk (2013)
  • Author(s): Follette, Katherine B.; Tamura, Motohide; Hashimoto, Jun; Whitney, Barbara; Grady, Carol; Close, Laird; Andrews, Sean M.; Kwon, Jungmi; Wisniewski, John; Brandt, Timothy D.; Mayama, Satoshi; Kandori, Ryo; Dong, Ruobing; Abe, Lyu; Brandner, Wolfgang; Carson, Joseph; Currie, Thayne; Egner, Sebastian E.; Guyon, Olivier
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 767 Pages: 1-26
  • DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/767/1/10
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Two Pathfinder Tests of High Precision Astrometry On-Sky (2013)
  • Author(s): Ammons, S. Mark; Bendek, Eduardo; Guyon, Olivier; Macintosh, Bruce; Marois, Christian; Neichel, Benoit; Galicher, Raphael; Savransky, Dimitri
  • Journal Title: Proceedings of the Third AO4ELT Conference.Firenze, Italy, May 26-31, 2013 Volume: id. #96 Pages: 1-8
  • DOI: 10.12839/AO4ELT3.13399
• [Journal Article] The Subaru Coronagraphic Extreme AO High Speed and High Sensitivity Wavefront Sensors (2013)
  • Author(s): Clergeon, Christophe; Guyon, Olivier; Martinache, Frantz; Veran, Jean-Pierre; Gendron, Eric; Rousset, Gérard; Correia, Carlos; Garrel, Vincent
  • Journal Title: Proceedings of the Third AO4ELT Conference. Firenze, Italy, May 26-31, 2013 Volume: id. #95 Pages: 1-9
  • DOI: 10.12839/AO4ELT3.13398
• [Journal Article] SCExAO as a precursor to an ELT exoplanet direct imaging instrument (2013)
  • Author(s): Jovanovic, Nemanja; Guyon, Olivier; Martinache, Frantz; Clergeon, Christophe; Singh, Garima; Vievard, Sebastien; Kudo, Tomoyuki; Garrel, Vincent; Norris, Barnaby; Tuthill, Peter; Stewart, Paul; Huby, Elsa; Perrin, Guy; Lacour, Sylvestre
  • Journal Title: Proceedings of the Third AO4ELT Conference. Firenze, Italy, May 26-31, 2013 Volume: id. #94 Pages: 1-7
  • DOI: 10.12839/AO4ELT3.13396
• [Journal Article] Improving the broadband contrast at small inner working angles using image sharpening techniques (2013)
  • Author(s): Thomas, Sandrine; Pluzhnik, Eugene; Lozi, Julien; Belikov, Ruslan; Witteborn, Fred; Greene, Thomas; Schneider, Glenn; Guyon, Olivier
  • Journal Title: Proceedings of the Third AO4ELT Conference. Firenze, Italy, May 26-31 Volume: id. #79 Pages: 1-8
  • DOI: 10.12839/AO4ELT3.13359
• [Journal Article] Experimental study of a low-order wavefront sensor for a high-contrast coronagraphic imager at 1.2 lambda/D (2013)
  • Author(s): Lozi, Julien; Belikov, Ruslan; Schneider, Glenn; Guyon, Olivier; Pluzhnik, Eugene; Thomas, Sandrine; Martinache, Frantz
  • Journal Title: Proceedings of the Third AO4ELT Conference. Firenze, Italy, May 26-31, 2013 Volume: id. #66 Pages: 1-8
  • DOI: 10.12839/AO4ELT3.13323
• [Journal Article] Wave-front reconstruction for the non-linear curvature wave-front sensor (2013)
  • Author(s): Correia, Carlos; Veran, Jean-Pierre; Guyon, Olivier; Clergeon, Christophe
  • Journal Title: Proceedings of the Third AO4ELT Conference. Firenze, Italy, May 26-31, 2013 Volume: id. #53 Pages: 1-7
  • DOI: 10.12839/AO4ELT3.13290
• [Journal Article] Lyot-based ultra-fine pointing control system for phase mask coronagraphs (2013)
  • Author(s): Singh, Garima; Martinache, Frantz; Baudoz, Pierre; Guyon, Olivier; Clergeon, Christophe; Matsuo, Taro
  • Journal Title: Proceedings of the Third AO4ELT Conference. Firenze, Italy, May 26-31, 2013 Volume: id. #7 Pages: 1-7
  • DOI: 10.12839/AO4ELT3.12667
• [Journal Article] The optical design of CHARIS: an exoplanet IFS for the Subaru telescope (2013)
  • Author(s): Peters-Limbach, Mary Anne; Groff, Tyler D.; Kasdin, N. Jeremy; Driscoll, Dave; Galvin, Michael; Foster, Allen; Carr, Michael A.; LeClerc, Dave; Fagan, Rad; McElwain, Michael W.; Knapp, Gillian; Brandt, Timothy; Janson, Markus; Guyon, Olivier; Jovanovic, Nemanja; Martinache, Frantz; Hayashi, Masahiko; Takato, Naruhisa
  • Journal Title: Proceedings of the SPIE Volume: 8864 Pages: 1-15
  • DOI: 10.1117/12.2024070
• [Presentation] Imaging exoplanets with MKIDs on Subaru Telescope
  • Author(s): Olivier Guyon
  • Organizer: Institute for Astronomy University of Hawaii Tech Talk
  • Place of Presentation: Institute for Astronomy Hilo, Hawaii (USA)
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Coronagraphy - From State of the Art to the Near Future
  • Author(s): Olivier Guyon
  • Organizer: Search for Life Beyond the Solar System Astrobiology school
  • Place of Presentation: Hilton El Conquistador, Arizona (USA)
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Directly imaging habitable exoplanets
  • Author(s): Olivier Guyon
  • Organizer: Search for Life Beyond the Solar System Astrobiology school
  • Place of Presentation: Biosphere 2, Arizona (USA)
  • Invited
• [Presentation] LOWFSC & PSF for Exoplanets
  • Author(s): Olivier Guyon
  • Organizer: LOWFSC & PSF for Exoplanets
  • Place of Presentation: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California (USA)
  • Invited
• [Presentation] On-sky wavefront correction with a 2048 actuator MEMS"
  • Author(s): Olivier Guyon
  • Organizer: SPIE Photonics West
  • Place of Presentation: The Moscone Center, California (USA)
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Imaging exoplanets
  • Author(s): Olivier Guyon
  • Organizer: University of Arizona Optics "influencing the future" at SPIE Photonics West
  • Place of Presentation: University of Arizona, Arizona (USA)
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Adaptive Optics
  • Author(s): Olivier Guyon
  • Organizer: Dunlap Institute astronomical instrumentation summmer school
  • Place of Presentation: Dunlap Institute Astronomical Instrumentation, Toronto (Canada)
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Optical tricks to image and study habitable exoplanets
  • Author(s): Olivier Guyon
  • Organizer: SETI institute lecture
  • Place of Presentation: SETI Institute, California (USA)
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Adaptive Optics systems for astronomy
  • Author(s): Olivier Guyon
  • Organizer: Center for Adaptive Optics summer school
  • Place of Presentation: University of California Santa Cruz, California (USA)
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Putting the non-linear Curvature Wavefront Sensor on the 6.5m MMT telescope
  • Author(s): Olivier Guyon
  • Organizer: Adaptive Optics for ELTs 3
  • Place of Presentation: Florence Congress Center, Florence (Italy)
• [Presentation] High Contrast Imaging: New Techniques and Scientific Perspectives for ELTs
  • Author(s): Olivier Guyon
  • Organizer: Adaptive Optics for ELTs 3
  • Place of Presentation: Congress Center, Florence (Italy)
• [Remarks] Olivier Guyon's webpage
  • URL: http://www.naoj.org/staff/guyon/index.html
• [Remarks] Subaru SCExAO Project
  • URL: http://www.naoj.org/Projects/SCEXAO/index.html