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2013 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

衝突脱ガス水蒸気大気の分子組成と水素散逸効率の推定

Research Project

Project/Area Number 23340168
Research InstitutionThe University of Tokyo

Principal Investigator

杉田 精司  東京大学, 新領域創成科学研究科, 教授 (80313203)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 橘 省吾  北海道大学, 理学(系)研究科(研究院), 准教授 (50361564)
関根 康人  東京大学, 新領域創成科学研究科, 講師 (60431897)
阿部 豊  東京大学, 理学(系)研究科(研究院), 准教授 (90192468)
Project Period (FY) 2011-04-01 – 2014-03-31
Keywords天体衝突 / 初期地球大気 / 触媒反応 / 衝突蒸気雲 / ユゴニオ曲線 / 高速衝突実験
Research Abstract

計画最終年度の本年度には、本研究計画で得られた実験および理論計算の結果を実際の地球史や惑星進化史に適応することに力点を置いた。その結果として、主に3つの成果が得られた。
第1は、衝突脱ガス大気の分子組成推定についてである。前年度までに得られた衝突エントロピー増加率と分子組成の間の関係を、現実的な惑星表面物性を考慮して大気組成モデル計算を行った。その結果、惑星重力や日心距離(平均衝突速度の制御因子)と並んで、惑星表面が海で覆われているか否かが非常に重要な影響を持つことが判明した。これらの3つの要素を総合すると、金星およびM型星周りのスーパーアースではCO+H2タイプ大気が卓越し、火星および地球ではCH4大気が卓越することが分かった。
第2は、初期地球型惑星の水素散逸量の見積である。集積期間中に形成する水蒸気大気が惑星集積終了後直ちに凝縮して海になる場合と、その後も主星の放射のみで保持される場合では、水素散逸量が大きく異なることが分かった。前者では現在の地球のような海の数倍の水に相当する水素が惑星に残るが、後者では地球の海の1/10相当以下まで水素が枯渇する。この成果は、Nature誌に掲載された。
第3は、レーザー銃を用いた衝突実験および質量分析計測である。実験結果は、天体衝突の直後に硫黄の酸化還元状態が急速に変化することを示していた。これはK/Pg衝突事件において大量の硫酸雨が極めて短期間に降ったことを意味しており、当時の海洋表層の酸性化を強く示唆している。この成果は、Nature Geoscience誌に掲載された。

Current Status of Research Progress
Reason

25年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

25年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。

  • Research Products

    (19 results)

All 2014 2013

All Journal Article (7 results) (of which Peer Reviewed: 7 results) Presentation (12 results) (of which Invited: 2 results)

  • [Journal Article] Production of sulphate-rich vapour during the Chicxulub impact and implications for ocean acidification2014

    • Author(s)
      Ohno, S. T. Kadono, K. Kurosawa, T. Hamura, T. Sakaiya, K. Shigemori, Y. Hironaka, T. Sano, T. Watari, K. Otani, T. Matsui and S. Sugita
    • Journal Title

      Nature Geoscience

      Volume: 7 Pages: 1-4

    • DOI

      10.1038/NGEO2095

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Emergence of two types of terrestrial planet on solidification of magma ocean2013

    • Author(s)
      Hamano, K., Y. Abe and H. Genda
    • Journal Title

      Nature

      Volume: 497 Pages: 607-610

    • DOI

      10.1038/nature12163

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Hydrogen cyanide production due to mid-size impacts in a redox-neutral N2-rich atmosphere2013

    • Author(s)
      Kurosawa, K., S. Sugita, K. Ishibashi, S. Hasegawa, Y. Sekine, N. O. Ogawa, T. Kadonoe, S. Ohno, N. Ohkouchi, Y. Nagaoka, and T. Matsui
    • Journal Title

      Origin Evol. Life Biosph

      Volume: 221-245 Pages: 221-245

    • DOI

      10.1007/s11084-013-9339-0

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Oxidation of carbon compounds by silica-derived oxygen within impact-induced vapor plumes2013

    • Author(s)
      Ishibashi, K., S. Ohno, S. Sugita, T. Kadono, and T. Matsui
    • Journal Title

      Earth Planets Sp

      Volume: 65 Pages: 811-822

    • DOI

      10.5047/eps.2012.12.010

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Influence of a Polyimide Surface Layer on the Piezoelectric Response of Lead-Zirconate-Titanate Cosmic Dust Detector2013

    • Author(s)
      Hattori, M., M. Kobayashi, T. Miyachi, S. Takechi, O. Okudaira, T. Iwai, N. Okada, S. Sugita
    • Journal Title

      Jpn. J. Appl. Phys

      Volume: 52 Pages: 028002

    • DOI

      10.7567/JJAP.52.028002

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Dust detector using piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate with current-to-voltage converting amplifier for functional advancement2013

    • Author(s)
      Kobayashi, M., T. Miyachi, M. Hattori, S. Sugita, S. Takechi, and N. Okada
    • Journal Title

      Earth Planet. Sp.

      Volume: 65 Pages: 167-173

    • DOI

      10.5047/eps.2012.08.011

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] K-Ar法を用いた惑星探査におけるその場年代計測法の開発2013

    • Author(s)
      長勇一郎, 三浦弥生, 諸田 智克, 杉田 精司
    • Journal Title

      日本惑星科学会誌 遊星人

      Volume: 22 Pages: 132-145

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Presentation] Impact Generation of Methane-Rich Atmospheres on Early Terrestrial Planets2014

    • Author(s)
      Kuwahara, H. and S. Sugita
    • Organizer
      45th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
    • Place of Presentation
      The Woodlands, Texas, USA
    • Year and Date
      20140317-20140321
  • [Presentation] Principal-Component Analysis of the Continuous 3-μm Spectra of Low-Albedo Asteroids Observed with the Akari Satellite2014

    • Author(s)
      Okamura, N., S. Sugita, S. Kamata, F. Usui, T. Hiroi, T. Ootsubo, T. G. Müller, I. Sakon, and S. Hasegawa
    • Organizer
      45th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
    • Place of Presentation
      The Woodlands, Texas, USA
    • Year and Date
      20140317-20140321
  • [Presentation] Spectroscopic Observations of Dark Main-Belt Asteroids in The 2.6-3.1μm Range with the Akari Satellite2014

    • Author(s)
      Okamura, N., S. Hasegawa, F. Usui, T. Hiroi, T. Ootsubo, T. G. Müller, and S. Sugita
    • Organizer
      45th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
    • Place of Presentation
      The Woodlands, Texas, USA
    • Year and Date
      20140317-20140321
  • [Presentation] Ultrafast Imaging Observations of the Impact Jetting during Oblique Impacts2014

    • Author(s)
      Kurosawa, K., Y. Nagaoka, S. Hasegawa, S. Sugita, and T. Matsui
    • Organizer
      45th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
    • Place of Presentation
      The Woodlands, Texas, USA
    • Year and Date
      20140317-20140321
  • [Presentation] An Experimental Study of Shock-induced Devolatilization of Calcite: Dependence on the Ambient Pressure2014

    • Author(s)
      Ohno, S., K. Ishibashi, T. Sekine, K. Kurosawa, T. Kobayashi, S. Sugita and T. Matsui
    • Organizer
      45th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
    • Place of Presentation
      The Woodlands, Texas, USA
    • Year and Date
      20140317-20140321
  • [Presentation] Spectral Evolution Tracks of S-Type Asteroids Suggested by Principal Component Analysis of Multi-Band Images of Itokawa2014

    • Author(s)
      Koga, S., S. Sugita, S. Kamata, M. Ishiguro, T. Hiroi, S. Sasaki
    • Organizer
      45th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
    • Place of Presentation
      The Woodlands, Texas, USA
    • Year and Date
      20140317-20140321
  • [Presentation] Development of an In-Situ K-Ar Isochron Dating Method 2: Validation Measurements with Natural Rocks2014

    • Author(s)
      Cho, Y., Y. N. Miura, and S. Sugita
    • Organizer
      45th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
    • Place of Presentation
      The Woodlands, Texas, USA
    • Year and Date
      20140317-20140321
  • [Presentation] Reaction Conditions for Formation of Alteration Minerals on Ceres Inferred from Hydrothermal Experiments2014

    • Author(s)
      Mori, M., Y. Sekine, T. Shibuya, T. Kuwatani, K. Suzuki, Y. Masaki, S. Tachibana
    • Organizer
      45th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
    • Place of Presentation
      The Woodlands, Texas, USA
    • Year and Date
      20140317-20140321
  • [Presentation] Experimental Evidence for High-Temperature Water-Rock Interactions in a Chondritic Core of Enceladus2014

    • Author(s)
      Sekine, Y., T. Shibuya, F. Postberg, H.-W. Hsu, K. Suzuki, Y. Masaki, T. Kuwatani, and S. Tachibana
    • Organizer
      45th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
    • Place of Presentation
      The Woodlands, Texas, USA
    • Year and Date
      20140317-20140321
  • [Presentation] Vertical Profile of PDF Orientations and Grain Size Distribution of Shocked Quartz in The Yaxcopoil-1 Core, Chicxulub Impact Structure, Mexico: Constraints on the Ejecta Deposition Process2014

    • Author(s)
      Chang, Y., Kazuhisa Goto, Yasuhito Sekine, Eiichi Tajika
    • Organizer
      45th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
    • Place of Presentation
      The Woodlands, Texas, USA
    • Year and Date
      20140317-20140321
  • [Presentation] Emergence of two types of terrestrial planet on solidification of magma ocean2013

    • Author(s)
      Keiko Hamano, Yutaka Abe, Hidenori Genda
    • Organizer
      Exoplanets and Disks: Their Formation and DiversityII(5th Subaru International Conference)
    • Place of Presentation
      Kona, Hawaii, USA
    • Year and Date
      20131212-20131212
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Emergence of two types of terrestrial planet on solidification of magma ocean2013

    • Author(s)
      Keiko Hamano, Yutaka Abe, Hidenori Genda
    • Organizer
      AGU fall meeting
    • Place of Presentation
      San Francisco, California, USA
    • Year and Date
      20131210-20131210
    • Invited

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Published: 2015-05-28  

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