Basic Development of Mass Spectrometry Technology for Solid Materials toward Lunar and Planetary Landing Missions

2023 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

• Project/Area Number: 23H00141
• Research Institution: The University of Tokyo
• Principal Investigator: 杉田 精司 東京大学, 大学院理学系研究科(理学部), 教授 (80313203)
• Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha): 笠原 慧 東京大学, 大学院理学系研究科(理学部), 准教授 (00550500) ; 長 勇一郎 東京大学, 大学院理学系研究科(理学部), 助教 (00737687) ; 齋藤 義文 国立研究開発法人宇宙航空研究開発機構, 宇宙科学研究所, 教授 (30260011) ; 諸田 智克 東京大学, 大学院理学系研究科(理学部), 准教授 (30415898) ; 塩谷 圭吾 国立研究開発法人宇宙航空研究開発機構, 宇宙科学研究所, 准教授 (40392815) ; 吉岡 和夫 東京大学, 大学院新領域創成科学研究科, 講師 (70637131) ; 三浦 弥生 東京大学, 地震研究所, 准教授 (90282730)
• Project Period (FY): 2023-04-01 – 2026-03-31
• Keywords: 月惑星探査 / 探査機搭載機器開発 / 質量分析 / LIBS / アルテミス計画

Outline of Annual Research Achievements

アルテミス計画に代表される巨大な国際協力の枠組みで進行しつつある月着陸探査機への搭載を目標に、小型質量分析計による表面年代のその場計測装置の基礎開発を行った。具体的には、質量分析装置の小型高性能化、LIBS用の小型分光計の試作品作成、固体試料処理機構の製作、光学カメラの設計検討等を進めた。質量分析器については、数値シミュレーションによる軌道設計の詳細化とオプティクスの図面作成、イオン源の設計、ならびに必要な高電圧部品や制御回路の設計を実施した。また、カメラの開口部に設置する帯域フィルターおよび保護窓がカメラの結像性能への影響を調べた。さらに、質量分析装置とガス発生装置を結合するために必要な構造体の設計と製作も実施した。加えて、アルテミス計画の主体である米国航空宇宙局NASAの研究者と頻繁な会合を持って、搭載機会の創出のための検討を行った。
質量分析装置の軌道設計の詳細化とオプティクスの図面作成などは当初予定通りに進んだことと、LIBS用の小型分光計の製作が当初予定より早く実現できたことは重要な成果である。また、光学カメラについて帯域フィルターや保護窓の悪影響が十分小さいことを確認できた。さらに、総合動作試験に向けて、探査で使用可能な超小型真空用バルブを選定し、動作・性能試験、探査向け小型真空ポンプの動作・性能試験、小型ゲッター（ガス精製用部品）の動作・性能試験、および配管サイズ決定のための基礎実験も予定通り進めることができた。加えて、NASA側のアルテミス計画の科学とりまとめ担当者と直接会って具体的な検討のテーブルに着けたことも本研究計画を着実に進めるに当たって重要な成果であった。これら全体を踏まえて、概ね順調な進捗だと考えている。

Current Status of Research Progress

2: Research has progressed on the whole more than it was originally planned.

Reason

質量分析装置の軌道設計の詳細化とオプティクスの図面作成などは当初予定通りに進んだことは重要な成果である。また、LIBS用の小型分光計の製作が当初予定より早く実現できた反面、固体試料処理機構の製作は若干遅れている。さらに、NASA側のアルテミス計画の科学とりまとめ担当者と直接会って具体的な検討のテーブルに着けたことも本研究計画を着実に進めるに当たって重要な成果であった。これら全体を踏まえて、概ね順調な進捗だと考えている。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

第二年度の今年は、当初の研究提案書に述べた４作業を着実に進めて、最終年に予定している質量分析装置と固体試料処理機構を結合した試験の実施を目指す方針である。その一方で、本申請書執筆時期の予想を超えてアルテミス計画の進展状況が早いので、 米国ＮＡＳＡ側および日本ＪＡＸＡ側からの搭載装置への種々の条件情報の収集活動は、初年度より充実される方針とする。

Research Products

• [Int'l Joint Research] NASA Goddard Flight Center/Brown University/Johns Hopkins University(米国)
  • Country Name: U.S.A.
  • Counterpart Institution: NASA Goddard Flight Center/Brown University/Johns Hopkins University
• [Int'l Joint Research] Nice Observatory(フランス)
  • Country Name: FRANCE
  • Counterpart Institution: Nice Observatory
• [Int'l Joint Research] DLR(ドイツ)
  • Country Name: GERMANY
  • Counterpart Institution: DLR
• [Journal Article] Fraunhofer line-based wavelength-calibration method without calibration targets for planetary lander instruments (2024)
  • Author(s): Mori Shoki、Cho Yuichiro、Tabata Haruhisa、Yumoto Koki、Botger Ute、Buder Maximilian、Dietz Enrico、Hagelschuer Till、Hubers Heinz-Wilhelm、Kameda Shingo、Kopp Emanuel、Prieto-Ballesteros Olga、Rull Fernando、Ryan Conor、Schroder Susanne、Usui Tomohiro、Sugita Seiji
  • Journal Title: Planetary and Space Science Volume: 240 Pages: 105835～105835
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.pss.2023.105835
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Aligned fractures on asteroid Ryugu as an indicator of thermal fracturing (2024)
  • Author(s): Schirner L.、Otto K. A.、Delbo M.、Matz K.-D.、Sasaki S.、Sugita S.
  • Journal Title: Astronomy and Astrophysics Volume: 684 Pages: A5～A5
  • DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202348404
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] In situ plasma and neutral gas observation time windows during a comet flyby: Application to the Comet Interceptor mission (2024)
  • Author(s): De Keyser J.、Edberg N.J.T.、Henri P.、Auster H.-U.、Galand M.、Rubin M.、Nilsson H.、Soucek J.、Andre N.、Corte V. Della、Rothkaehl H.、Funase R.、Kasahara S.、Van Damme C. Corral
  • Journal Title: Planetary and Space Science Volume: 244 Pages: 105878～105878
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.pss.2024.105878
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] The Comet Interceptor Mission (2024)
  • Author(s): Jones Geraint H.、Snodgrass Colin、Tubiana Cecilia、Kuppers Michael、Kawakita Hideyo、Lara Luisa M.、Agarwal Jessica、...Kasahara Satoshi...et al
  • Journal Title: Space Science Reviews Volume: 220 Pages: -
  • DOI: 10.1007/s11214-023-01035-0
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Curation protocol of Phobos sample returned by Martian Moons eXploration (2024)
  • Author(s): Fukai Ryota、Usui Tomohiro、Fujiya Wataru、Takano Yoshinori、Bajo Ken‐ichi、Beck Andrew、Bonato Enrica、Chabot Nancy L.、Furukawa Yoshihiro、Genda Hidenori、Hibiya Yuki、Jourdan Fred、Kleine Thorsten、Koike Mizuho、Matsuoka Moe、Miura Yayoi N.、、Cho Yuichiro...et al
  • Journal Title: Meteoritics & Planetary Science Volume: 59 Pages: 321～337
  • DOI: 10.1111/maps.14121
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Overview of the search for signs of space weathering on the low-albedo asteroid (101955) Bennu (2023)
  • Author(s): Clark B.E.、Sen A.、Zou X.-D.、DellaGiustina D.N.、Sugita S.、et al
  • Journal Title: Icarus Volume: 400 Pages: 115563～115563
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.icarus.2023.115563
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Dynamics of gas-driven eruption on Ceres as a probe to its interior (2023)
  • Author(s): Yumoto Koki、Cho Yuichiro、Koyaguchi Takehiro、Sugita Seiji
  • Journal Title: Icarus Volume: 400 Pages: 115533～115533
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.icarus.2023.115533
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] In-situ measurement of hydrogen on airless planetary bodies using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (2023)
  • Author(s): Yumoto Koki、Cho Yuichiro、Kameda Shingo、Kasahara Satoshi、Sugita Seiji
  • Journal Title: Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy Volume: 205 Pages: 106696～106696
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.sab.2023.106696
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Heliocentric distance dependence of zodiacal light observed by Hayabusa2# (2023)
  • Author(s): Tsumura Kohji、 Matsuura Shuji、...Sugita Seiji,、et al
  • Journal Title: Earth, Planets and Space Volume: 75 Pages: 75~121
  • DOI: 10.1186/s40623-023-01856-x
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Crack Orientation of Boulders on Ryugu: Meridional Preference and Exfoliation (2023)
  • Author(s): Sasaki Sho、Kanda Shiho、Kikuchi Hiroshi 、Michikami Tatsuhiro 、Morota Tomokatsu 、 Honda Chikatoshi、 Miyamoto Hideaki、Hemmi Ryodo 、Sugita Seiji 、...et al
  • Journal Title: Journal of Evolving Space Activities 1, 89 Volume: - Pages: 1-7
  • DOI: 10.57350/jesa.89
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Exploration-Based Reconstruction of Planetesimals (2023)
  • Author(s): Watanabe, S.、 Arakawa, M.、 Hirabayashi, M.、 Sugita, S.、 Bottke, W. F.、 Michel, P.
  • Journal Title: Protostars and Planets VII Volume: - Pages: 993-1029
  • DOI: 10.26624/CUTA2228
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Space weathering acts strongly on the uppermost surface of Ryugu (2023)
  • Author(s): Matsuoka Moe、Kagawa Ei-ichi、Amano Kana、Nakamura Tomoki、Tatsumi Eri、Osawa Takahito、Hiroi Takahiro、Milliken Ralph、Domingue Deborah、Takir Driss、Brunetto Rosario、Barucci Antonella、Kitazato Kohei、Sugita Seiji、et al
  • Journal Title: Communications Earth and Environment Volume: 4 Pages: -
  • DOI: 10.1038/s43247-023-00991-3
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Ryugu Sample Database System (RS-DBS) on the Data Archives and Transmission System (DARTS) by the JAXA curation (2023)
  • Author(s): Nishimura Masahiro、Nakato Aiko、Abe Masanao、Nagashima Kana、Soejima Hiromichi、Yada Toru、Yogata Kasumi、Miyazaki Akiko、Hatakeda Kentaro、Yoshitake Miwa、...Sugita Seiji、et al
  • Journal Title: Earth, Planets and Space Volume: 75 Pages: -
  • DOI: 10.1186/s40623-023-01887-4
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Lunar Low-Titanium Magmatism during Ancient Expansion inferred from Ejecta originating from Linear Gravity Anomalies (2023)
  • Author(s): Nishiyama Gaku、Morota Tomokatsu、Namiki Noriyuki、Inoue Kazuki、Sugita Seiji
  • Journal Title: J. Geophys. Res Volume: - Pages: -
  • DOI: 10.22541/essoar.169111398.87392557/v1
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] A two-stage deflection system for the extension of the energy coverage in space plasma three-dimensional measurements (2023)
  • Author(s): Kasahara Satoshi、Tao Ryo、Yoshida Emiko、Yokota Shoichiro
  • Journal Title: Earth, Planets and Space Volume: 75 Pages: -
  • DOI: 10.1186/s40623-023-01845-0
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Spacecraft Charging Simulations of Probe B1 of Comet Interceptor during the Cometary Flyby (2023)
  • Author(s): Bergman S.、Miyake Y.、Kasahara S.、Johansson F. L.、Henri P.
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 959 Pages: 138～138
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ad0ce5
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Gamma-ray irradiation of optical glass for the development of LIBS for future planetary missions (2023)
  • Author(s): 田畑, 陽久, 長, 勇一郎, 吉岡, 和夫, 相田, 真里, 与賀田, 佳澄, 林田, 雅人, 神田, 剛, 川上, 結生, 戸枝, 純哉, 佐藤, 真一郎, 今泉, 充
  • Journal Title: JAXA Research and Development Report Volume: - Pages: -
  • DOI: 10.20637/0002000252
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Lunar Mare Basaltic Volcanism: Volcanic Features and Emplacement Processes (2023)
  • Author(s): Head James W.、Wilson Lionel、Hiesinger Harald、van der Bogert Carolyn、Chen Yuan、Dickson James L.、Gaddis Lisa R.、Haruyama Junichi、Jawin Erica R.、Jozwiak Lauren M.、Li Chunlai、Liu Jianzhong、Morota Tomokatsu...et al
  • Journal Title: Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry Volume: 89 Pages: 453～507
  • DOI: 10.2138/rmg.2023.89.11
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] A curation for uncontaminated Hayabusa2-returned samples in the extraterrestrial curation center of JAXA: from the beginning to present day (2023)
  • Author(s): Yada Toru、Abe Masanao、Nishimura Masahiro、Sawada Hirotaka、Okazaki Ryuji、Takano Yoshinori、Sakamoto Kanako、...、Miura Yayoi N.、...et al
  • Journal Title: Earth, Planets and Space Volume: 75 Pages: -
  • DOI: 10.1186/s40623-023-01924-2
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Presentation] A 3D Modeling of Shadow Hiding Opposition Effect on Asteroid Ryugu (2024)
  • Author(s): Yokota, Y., Honda, R., Domingue, D., Tatsumi, E., Schroder, S.E., Matsuoka, M., Riu, L., Longobardo, A., Sugita, S., & Morota, T.
  • Organizer: 55th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Intrinsic Spectral Variation Among C-Type Bright Boulders on Ryugu Revealed from Observations of the Artificial Crater (2024)
  • Author(s): Sugita, S., Sugimoto, C., Aoki, M., Takaki, N., Yumoto, K., Morota, T., Cho, Y., Tatsumi, E., Kameda, S., & Honda, R.
  • Organizer: 55th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] A Nanosecond Time-Gated Raman Spectroscopy of Clay Minerals, Carbonates, and Salts for Reconstructing the Water Chemistry on Early Mars (2024)
  • Author(s): Tabata, H., Cho, Y., Noji, Y., Yumoto, K., Mori, S., Hyuga, H., Sugita, S, et al.
  • Organizer: 55th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] A Rapid Response Mission to a Pristine World (2024)
  • Author(s): Kuppers, M., Kawakita, H., Bowles, N.,... S. Sugita, et al
  • Organizer: 55th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Sample Return from the Nectaris Basin on the Moon (2024)
  • Author(s): Morota, T., Cho, Y., Nagaoka, H., Nakauchi, Y., Sato, Y., Tabata, H., Sugita, S.,..et al
  • Organizer: 55th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Sample Return of Purest Anorthosite (PAN) in the Primordial Lunar Crust for Understanding of the Earth-Moon System (2024)
  • Author(s): Nagaoka, H., Ohtake, M., Morota, T., Nakauchi, Y., Cho, Y., Sugita, S.,...et al.
  • Organizer: 55th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Ryugu Sample Distribution Via Four Times of Announcement of Opportunities and Preparation for Bennu Sample Curation Allocated to JAXA (2024)
  • Author(s): Yada, T., Abe, M., Fukai, R., Nishimura, M., Hatakeda, ... Sugita, S., et al
  • Organizer: 55th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Boulder Motion on Asteroid Ryugu Induced by Thruster Gas Disturbance by Hayabusa2 (2024)
  • Author(s): Sakatani, N., Kameda, S., Kitsunai, K., Kikuchi, H.,... Sugita, S.,
  • Organizer: 55th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Sample return from the Nectaris basin on the Moon (2024)
  • Author(s): Morota T., Cho Y., Nagaoka H., Nakauchi Y., Sato Y., Tabata H., et al.
  • Organizer: 55th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] The ESA Hera Mission to the Near-Earth Asteroid Binary (65803) Didymos: Documentation of the NASA DART Impact and Full Characterization of the Asteroid System (2023)
  • Author(s): Michel, P. , Kuppers, M. Fitzsimmons, A. , Green, S. , Lazzarin, M. , Ulamec, S. , Abell, P. , Sugita, S. , Martino, P. , Carnelli, I.
  • Organizer: Asteroids, Comets, Meteors Conference 2023
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Surface Manifestations of Earth’s Tidal Force to Asteroid Apophis During the Encounter as a Probe for Sub-Surface Mechanical State (2023)
  • Author(s): Sugita, S.
  • Organizer: Knowledge opportunities for the science of planetary defense
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Observations of Transiting Exoplanets with the Optical Navigation Camera Onboard Hayabusa2 (2023)
  • Author(s): Yumoto, K., Kouyama, T., Mimasu, Y., Yamada, M., Morota, T., Cho, Y., Yokota, Y., Hayakawa, M., Tatsumi, E., & Matsuoka, M.
  • Organizer: 55th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
• [Presentation] Comet Interceptor ミッションで計測される彗星イオンの推定と搭載されるイオン分析器用ダストシールドの設計 (2023)
  • Author(s): 田尾 涼, 笠原 慧
  • Organizer: 日本惑星科学会 秋季講演会
• [Presentation] Spacecraft charging simulations of probe B1 of Comet Interceptor - implications for plasma measurements (2023)
  • Author(s): Bergman,S., Kasahara,S., Miyake, Y., Johansson, F. L.
  • Organizer: 日本地球惑星科学連合2023年大会
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Prediction of detected ions by the ion analyzer equipped with the Comet Interceptor using a photochemical reaction model (2023)
  • Author(s): Tao, R., Kasahara, S.
  • Organizer: 日本地球惑星科学連合2023年大会
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Development of an ion energy mass spectrometer with graphene foil for the Comet Interceptor Mission (2023)
  • Author(s): Yoshida, E., Kasahara, S., Tao. R.
  • Organizer: 日本地球惑星科学連合2023年大会
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] A two-stage deflection system for the extension of the energy coverage in space plasma 3D measurements (2023)
  • Author(s): Kasahara S., Tao. R., Yoshida, E., Yokota S.
  • Organizer: 地球電磁気・地球惑星圏学会
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] The Comet Interceptor mission: pre-project activities in 2022-2023 (2023)
  • Author(s): Kasahara, S., Funase, R., Nakajima, S., Yoshioka, K., Sakatani, N., ...et al, and the Comet Interceptor team
  • Organizer: 日本地球惑星科学連合2023年大会
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for space exploration (2023)
  • Author(s): Yuichiro Cho
  • Organizer: Optics and Photonics International Congress 2023
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for planetary exploration (2023)
  • Author(s): Yuichiro Cho
  • Organizer: The 5th Asian Symposium on Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopyn
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] 電離圏中性大気観測に向けた中性質量分析器の開発 (2023)
  • Author(s): 米田 匡宏, 齊藤 昭則, 齋藤 義文
  • Organizer: 地球電磁気・地球惑星圏学会第154回講演会
• [Presentation] 電離圏ロケット観測に向けた中性大気質量分析器の開発 (2023)
  • Author(s): 米田 匡宏, 齊藤 昭則, 齋藤 義文
  • Organizer: 中間圏・熱圏・電離圏（MTI）研究会会合
• [Presentation] 月面における３つの重要科学 (2023)
  • Author(s): 諸田 智克，長 勇一郎，長岡 央，仲内 悠祐，杉田 精司, 他
  • Organizer: 日本航空宇宙学会 第54期年会講演会
• [Presentation] 月面サンプルリターンのための月面探査とその科学 (2023)
  • Author(s): 諸田 智克，長 勇一郎，長岡 央，仲内 悠祐，田畑 陽久，杉田 精司, 他
  • Organizer: 日本惑星科学会 秋季講演会
• [Presentation] 火星着陸探査に向けた大気 Ne 同位体測定法の開発 (2023)
  • Author(s): 三浦弥生, 長勇一郎, 黒川宏之, 齋藤義文, 笠原慧, 吉岡和夫, 熊谷英憲, 岩田尚能, 日向輝, 霜越健多, 山﨑敦, 杉田精司
  • Organizer: 日本地球化学会 第70回年会
• [Presentation] 火星着陸探査に向けた大気Ne同位体測定法の開発 (2023)
  • Author(s): 三浦弥生, 長勇一郎, 黒川宏之, 齋藤義文, 笠原慧, 吉岡和夫, 熊谷英憲, 岩田尚能, 日向輝, 霜越健多, 山﨑敦, 杉田精司
  • Organizer: 日本質量分析学会同位体比部会
• [Presentation] 火星衛星探査計画MMXのキュレーション/SAWTの検討状況 (2023)
  • Author(s): 臼井寛裕, 深井稜太, 藤谷渉, 高野淑識, 馬上謙一, Beck Andrew, Bonato Enrica, Chabot Nancy, 古川善博, 玄田英典, Jourdan Fred, Kleine Thorsten, 小池みずほ, 松岡萌, 三浦弥生, Moynier Frederic, 岡崎隆司, Russell Sara, Zolensky Michael, 菅原春菜, 橘省吾, 坂本佳奈子, 安部正真, 長勇一郎
  • Organizer: 第67回宇宙科学技術連合講演会