超高強度レーザー衝撃実験による惑星形成過程の解明

2012 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

• Project/Area Number: 24244071
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
• Research Institution: Chiba Institute of Technology
• Principal Investigator: 松井 孝典 千葉工業大学, 惑星探査研究センター, 所長 (80114643)
• Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha): 荒川 政彦 神戸大学, 理学(系)研究科(研究院), 教授 (10222738) ; 中村 昭子 神戸大学, 理学(系)研究科(研究院), 准教授 (40260012) ; 門野 敏彦 産業医科大学, 医学部, 教授 (60359198) ; 杉田 精司 東京大学, 新領域創成科学研究科, 教授 (80313203) ; 黒澤 耕介 独立行政法人宇宙航空研究開発機構, 宇宙科学研究所, 研究員 (80616433)
• Project Period (FY): 2012-04-01 – 2015-03-31
• Keywords: 天体衝突物理学 / 状態方程式 / 惑星初期進化 / 高速分光学 / 固体物性 / 固体惑星初期大気 / 超高強度レーザー / 大気の起源

Research Abstract

本年度は主要珪酸塩鉱物である橄欖石を用いて、阪大レーザー研で衝撃圧縮実験を行った。時間分解発光分光・速度干渉同時計測によって、1.2 TPaまでの衝撃圧縮圧力・温度の同時計測に成功した。衝撃圧力と温度が同時に計測できると、熱力学的演算によって、衝撃圧縮に伴うエントロピー増加量を算出することができる。実験結果から得られた橄欖石の圧力—エントロピー平面上のユゴニオ曲線と惑星科学分野で頻繁に使用されるM-ANEOSという状態方程式と比較したところ、>10 km/sの高速度衝突時には従来の理論推定値よりも大幅にエントロピーが増加することが明らかとなった。これは従来の理論が天体衝突の極限状態におけるエネルギー分配過程を正しく取り扱えていないことを意味し、M-ANEOSを使用して行われた多くの理論研究結果に再考を促す結果である。
エントロピーが既知となると衝撃圧縮を受けた珪酸塩の断熱開放経路が決定され、天体衝突後の岩石蒸気の量、及びエネルギーを算出することができる。この結果を隕石重爆撃期の天体衝突に伴う惑星大気の吹き飛ばし問題に適用したところ、もし初期地球の大気圧が１０気圧以下であれば、天体衝突が供給するエネルギーによって初期大気が全散逸する可能性があることがわかってきた。これは太陽組成と現在の地球大気組成の特に希ガス量の大幅な違いを説明できる可能性があり、惑星科学の重要問題の一つが解決される可能性を秘めている。

Current Status of Research Progress

2: Research has progressed on the whole more than it was originally planned.

Reason

（理由）高輝度レーザー照射実験および２段式軽ガス銃の実験からは、研究計画時に予定していた超高圧衝撃条件下での比熱および脱ガス効率のデータを得ることができ、論文発表できた。また、それらの実験データに基づいた地球型惑星の大気進化に対する天体衝突の影響を評価できており、順調な進展状況である。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

本研究計画と類所の計画が、アメリカのハーバード大学を中心としたグループが実施されつつあり、国際的な競争は一層激化しつつある。我々のグループもハーバードのグループも主立った衝撃実験データは揃いつつある状況である。実験結果についての論文化については我々が一歩先んじることができたが、実験データに基づいた地球型惑星の大気進化についての論文の制作についても優位性を保てるように進めることが急務である。

Research Products

• [Journal Article] Oxidation of carbon compounds by silica-derived oxygen within impact-induced vapor plumes (2013)
  • Author(s): Ishibashi, K., S. Ohno, S. Sugita, T. Kadono, and T. Matsui
  • Journal Title: Earth Planets and Space Volume: 65 Pages: 811-822
  • DOI: 10.5047/eps.2012.12.010
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Viscoelastic deformation of lunar impact basins: Implications for heterogeneity in the deep crustal paleo-thermal state and radioactive element concentration (2013)
  • Author(s): Kamata, S., S. Sugita, Y. Abe, Y. Ishihara, Y. Harada, T. Morota, N. Namiki, T. Iwata, H. Hanada, H. Araki, K. Matsumoto, E. Tajika
  • Journal Title: Viscoelastic deformation of lunar impact basins: Implications for heterogeneity in the deep crustal paleo-thermal state and radioactive element concentration Volume: 118 Pages: 398-415
  • DOI: doi:10.1002/jgre.20056
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Investigation of Martian Dust Sample Capture toward Mars Aero-flyby Sample Collection Mission (2013)
  • Author(s): Ozawa, T., T. Suzuki, K. Okudaira, T. Mikouchi, K. Kurosawa, H. Takayanagi, S. Sugita, and K. Fujita
  • Journal Title: Transaction of Japanese Society of Aeronautical Space Sciences Volume: 10 Pages: 11-17
  • DOI: doi.org/10.2322/tastj.10.Pk_11
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Impact and intrusion experiments on the deceleration of low-velocity impactors by small-body regolith (2013)
  • Author(s): Nakamura, A. M., Setoh, M.,
  • Journal Title: Icarus Volume: 223 Pages: 222-233
  • DOI: doi: 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.02.023
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Impact experiments of exotic dust grain capture by highly porous primitive bodies (2013)
  • Author(s): Okamoto, T., Nakamura, A. M., Hasegawa, S., et al.
  • Journal Title: Icarus Volume: 224 Pages: 209-217
  • DOI: doi: 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.02.023
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] The nature of shock-induced calcite (CaCO3) devolatilization in an open system investigated using a two-stage light gas gun (2012)
  • Author(s): Kurosawa, K., S. Ohno, S. Sugita, T. Mieno, T. Matsui, S. Hasegawa
  • Journal Title: Earth Planetary Science Letters Volume: 337-338 Pages: 68-76
  • DOI: doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2012.05.022
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Shock-induced silicate vaporization: The role of electrons (2012)
  • Author(s): Kurosawa, K., T. Kadono, S. Sugita, K. Shigemori, T. Sakaiya, Y. Hironaka, N. Ozaki, A. Shiroshita, Y. Cho, S. Tachibana, T. Vinci, S. Ohno, R. Kodama, and T. Matsui
  • Journal Title: Journal of Geophysical Research Volume: 117 Pages: 1-14
  • DOI: doi:10.1029/2011JE004031
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Laboratory experiments on crater scaling-law for sedimentary rocks in the strength regime, (2012)
  • Author(s): Suzuki, A., S. Hakura, T. Hamura, M. Hattori, R. Hayama, T. Ikeda, 他
  • Journal Title: Journal Geophysical Research Volume: 117 Pages: 1-7
  • DOI: doi:10.1029/2012JE004064
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Position-Dependent Behavior of Piezoelectric Lead–Zirconate–Titanate Cosmic Dust Detector, (2012)
  • Author(s): Hattori, M., M. Kobayashi, T. Miyachi, T. Takechi, O. Okudaira, T. Iwai, and S. Sugita
  • Journal Title: Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Volume: 51 Pages: 1-4
  • DOI: doi:110.1143/JJAP.51.098004
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Young mare volcanism in the Orientale region contemporary with the Procellarum KREEP Terrane (PKT) volcanism peak period ~2 billion years ago (2012)
  • Author(s): Cho, Y., T. Morota, J. Haruyama, M. Yasui, N. Hirata, S. Sugita
  • Journal Title: Geophysical Research Letters Volume: 39 Pages: 1-5
  • DOI: doi:10.1029/2012GL051838
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] A new spectral calculation scheme for long-term deformation of Maxwellian planetary bodies (2012)
  • Author(s): Kamata, S., S. Sugita, and Y. Abe
  • Journal Title: Journal of Geophysical Research Volume: 117 Pages: 1-17
  • DOI: doi:10.1029/2011JE003945
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Bayesian Spectral Deconvolution with Exchange Monte Carlo Method (2012)
  • Author(s): Nagata, K., S. Sugita, M. Okada
  • Journal Title: Neural Networks Volume: 28 Pages: 82-89
  • DOI: doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2011.12.001
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] A Semi-Analytical On-Hugoniot EOS of Condensed Matter using a Up-Us relation (2012)
  • Author(s): Sugita, S., K. Kurosawa, and T. Kadono
  • Journal Title: AIP Conference Proceedings Volume: 1426 Pages: 895-898
  • DOI: doi: 10.1063/1.3686422
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Time-resolved spectroscopic observations of shock-induced silicate ionization (2012)
  • Author(s): Kurosawa, K., T. Kadono, S. Sugita, K. Shigemori, Y. Hironaka, N. Ozaki, T. Sakaiya, A. Shiroshita, Y. Cho, S. Fujioka, S. Tachibana, T. Vinci, S. Ohno, R. Kodama, T. Matsui
  • Journal Title: AIP Conference Proceedings Volume: 1426 Pages: 855-858
  • DOI: doi: 10.1063/1.3686412
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Flyer acceleration by high-power laser and impact experiments at velocities higher than 10 km/s (2012)
  • Author(s): Kadono, T., T. Sakaiya, Y. Hironaka, T. Watari, K. Otani, 他
  • Journal Title: AIP Conference Proceedings Volume: 1426 Pages: 847-850
  • DOI: doi: 10.1063/1.3686410
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Direct measurement of chemical composition of SOx in impact vapor using a laser gun (2012)
  • Author(s): Ohno, S. , T. Kadono, K. Kurosawa, T. Hamura, T. Sakaiya, S. Sugita, K. Shigemori, Y. Hironaka, T. Watari , and T. Matsui
  • Journal Title: AIP Conference Proceedings Volume: 1426 Pages: 851-854
  • DOI: doi: 10.1063/1.3686411
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Penetration into Low-Density Media: In situ Observation of Penetration Process of Various Projectiles (2012)
  • Author(s): T. Kadono, et al.
  • Journal Title: Icarus Volume: 221 Pages: 587-592
  • DOI: doi: 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.08.026
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] In-situ flash X-ray observation of projectile penetration processes and crater cavity growth in porous gypsum target analogous to low-density asteroids (2012)
  • Author(s): Yasui, M., Arakawa, M., Hasegawa, S., Fujita, Y., and Kadono, T.
  • Journal Title: Icarus Volume: 221 Pages: 646-657
  • DOI: doi: 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.08.018
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Low-velocity collisions between centimeter-sized snowballs: porosity dependence of coefficient of restitution for ice aggregates analogues in the solar system (2012)
  • Author(s): Shimaki, Y., and Arakawa, M.
  • Journal Title: Icarus Volume: 221 Pages: 310-319
  • DOI: doi: 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.08.005
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Restitution coefficients and sticking velocities of a chondrule analogue colliding on a porous silica layer at impact velocities between 0.1 and 80 m s -1 (2012)
  • Author(s): Uchiyama, Y., Arakawa, M., Okamoto, C. and Yasui,M.
  • Journal Title: Icarus Volume: 219 Pages: 336-344
  • DOI: doi: 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.03.008
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] The effect of a thin weak layer covering a basalt block on the impact cratering process (2012)
  • Author(s): Dohi, K., Arakawa, M., Okamoto, C., Hasegawa, S. and Yasui, M.
  • Journal Title: Icarus Volume: 218 Pages: 751-759
  • DOI: doi: 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.01.018
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Experimental study on collisional disruption of highly porous icy bodies (2012)
  • Author(s): Shimaki, Y. and Arakawa, M.
  • Journal Title: Icarus Volume: 218 Pages: 737-750
  • DOI: doi: 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.01.021
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Presentation] Development of an in-situ K-Ar isochron dating method using LIBS-QMS configuration
  • Author(s): Cho, Y., Y. N. Miura, and S. Sugita
  • Organizer: 44th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
  • Place of Presentation: THE Woodlands,Texas,USA
• [Presentation] Entropy gain for shock-heated forsterite: Implications for atmospheric blow-off on the early Earth and Venus
  • Author(s): Kurosawa K., T. Kadono, Y. Hironaka, K. Hamano, K. Shigemori, T. Sakaiya, T. Sano, S. Ohno, T. Sekine, N. Ozaki, R. Kodama, S. Tachibana, T. Matsui, and S. Sugita
  • Organizer: 44th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
  • Place of Presentation: THE Woodlands,Texas,USA
• [Presentation] Direct gas analysis experiment of impact-vaporized carbonaceous chondrites
  • Author(s): Ohno, S., T. Sakaiya, T. Kadono, K. Kurosawa, H. Yabuta, K. Shigemori, Y. Hironaka, H. Kuwahara, S. Sugita, T. Kondo, T. Yamanaka, and T. Matsui
  • Organizer: 44th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
  • Place of Presentation: THE Woodlands,Texas,USA
• [Presentation] Science observation strategy for HAYABUSA-2 optical navigation cameras (ONC)
  • Author(s): Sugita, S., T. Morota, S. Kameda, R. Honda, C. Honda, and Hayabusa-2 ONC Science Team
  • Organizer: 44th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
  • Place of Presentation: THE Woodlands,Texas,USA
• [Presentation] Visible spectroscopic observation of asteroid 162173 (1999 JU3) with the GEMINI-S telescope
  • Author(s): Sugita, S., D. Kuroda, S. Kameda, S. Hasegawa, S. Kamata, T. Hiroi, M. Abe, M. Ishiguro, N. Takato, and M. Yoshikawa
  • Organizer: 44th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
  • Place of Presentation: THE Woodlands,Texas,USA
• [Presentation] Methane-rich impact-induced atmospheres on Mars and Post-accretion Earth
  • Author(s): Kuwahara, H. and S. Sugita
  • Organizer: 44th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
  • Place of Presentation: THE Woodlands,Texas,USA
• [Presentation] Highly degraded early pre-Nectarian impact basins: Implications for the timing of the magma ocean solidification
  • Author(s): Kamata, S., S. Sugita, Y. Abe, Y. Ishihara, Y. Harada, N. Namiki, T. Iwata, H. Hanada, H. Araki, K. Matsumoto, and E. Tajika
  • Organizer: 44th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
  • Place of Presentation: THE Woodlands,Texas,USA
• [Presentation] Laboratory penetration experiments of high velocity projectiles into very porous targets on exotic origin of dusts in primitive bodies
  • Author(s): Okamoto, T, Nakamura, A. M., Hasegawa, S., et al.
  • Organizer: Asteroids, Comets, Meteors (ACM) 2012
  • Place of Presentation: 朱鷺メッセ(新潟)
• [Presentation] Impact cratering and ejection experiments of porous targets and
  • Author(s): Nakamura, A. M., Okamoto, T., and Hasegawa, S.
  • Organizer: AOGS2012
  • Place of Presentation: Resort World Convention Centre(シンガポール）
  • Invited
• [Presentation] In Situ Flash X-ray Observation of Crater Formation in Porous Gypsum Analogous to Low-Density Asteroids
  • Author(s): M Yasui, M., Arakawa, M., and Hasegawa, S., et al.
  • Organizer: 44th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
  • Place of Presentation: THE Woodlands,Texas,USA
• [Presentation] In-situ flash X-ray observation of projectile penetration and crater formation in porous asteroid analogue
  • Author(s): Yasui, M., Arakawa, M., and Hasegawa, S., et al.
  • Organizer: Asteroids, Comets, Meteors (ACM) 2012
  • Place of Presentation: 朱鷺メッセ(新潟)
• [Presentation] Experimental Study on Impact Disruption of Rocky Rubble-pile Bodies: Effect of Disruption of Constituent Boulders on Reaccumulation Process
  • Author(s): Fujita, Y., Arakawa, M., Hasegawa, S., and Shimaki, Y.
  • Organizer: 44th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
  • Place of Presentation: THE Woodlands,Texas,USA
• [Presentation] Experimental Study on Impact Disruption on Rocky Rubble-Pile Bodies, Asteroids
  • Author(s): Fujita, Y., Arakawa, M., Hasegawa, S., and Shimaki, Y.
  • Organizer: 44th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
  • Place of Presentation: 朱鷺メッセ(新潟)