超高強度レーザー衝撃実験による惑星形成過程の解明

2014 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

• Project/Area Number: 24244071
• Research Institution: Chiba Institute of Technology
• Principal Investigator: 松井 孝典 千葉工業大学, 惑星探査研究センター, 所長 (80114643)
• Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha): 荒川 政彦 神戸大学, 理学(系)研究科(研究院), 教授 (10222738) ; 中村 昭子 神戸大学, 理学(系)研究科(研究院), 准教授 (40260012) ; 門野 敏彦 産業医科大学, 医学部, 教授 (60359198) ; 杉田 精司 東京大学, 理学(系)研究科(研究院), 教授 (80313203) ; 黒澤 耕介 千葉工業大学, 惑星探査研究センター, 研究員 (80616433)
• Project Period (FY): 2012-04-01 – 2015-03-31
• Keywords: 天体衝突物理学 / 状態方程式 / 惑星初期進化 / 固体惑星初期大気 / 高速分光計測 / 高速撮像計測 / 超高強度レーザー / 二段式軽ガス銃

Outline of Annual Research Achievements

本計画では, 惑星形成末期における高速天体衝突現象を理解するため， 阪大レーザー研の高強度レーザー「激光XII号HIPER」と千葉工大惑星探査研の二段式水素ガス銃を用い衝突実験を実施した. 本年度は計画最終年度であり, データを公表するために必要な較正データを中心に取得した.
高強度レーザーを用いた衝撃圧縮実験の目標は，地球の上部マントルの構成鉱物であるカンラン石に対して1TPaまでの密度-圧力-温度-エントロピー平面上でのユゴニオ曲線を得ることである．昨年度までの実験で得られたデータは，実質的精度は十分に高いものの，精度保証するデータが得られていないという問題があった．今年度は，この問題を解決するため，高信頼性データが取得済みの標準試料（石英）でカンラン石を挟み, 両物質の衝撃輝度データを同時に取得した. 層構造を反映したデータの取得に成功し, 高信頼度の較正曲線が得られた．これにより，我々のカンラン石のデータに精度保証が得られ，広い研究応用先が開かれることとなった．
もう一方の千葉工大の衝突実験は，高速度衝突で発生する珪酸塩蒸気の流体力学的挙動の解明が目標である．特に，局所的にエネルギーが集中するジェット現象を利用して, 高強度レーザー実験では達成できない珪酸塩の大量蒸発を実現することが中心テーマであった．ジェット現象によるケイ酸塩岩の衝突蒸発実験の提案は従来からあったが，詳細計測が実現した例はなかった．我々は，本計画で導入した世界最高速ビデオカメラを用いてジェット現象をこれまでにない時間分解能で観察することに成功した.この実験結果と熱力学的考察から２段式軽ガス銃で十分達成可能な7 km/s程度の速度で,玄武岩球を玄武岩板に衝突させれば玄武岩が蒸発させられることが明らかとなった．この結果は，今後のケイ酸塩岩の衝突蒸発現象の詳細解明に大きな道を拓くものである.

Research Progress Status

26年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

26年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。

Research Products

• [Journal Article] Chemical composition diversity among early terrestrial atmospheres generated by impacts (2015)
  • Author(s): Kuwahara, H. and S. Sugita
  • Journal Title: Icarus Volume: 未定 Pages: 未定
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Possibility of Production of amino acids by impact reaction using a light gas gun as a simulation of asteroid impacts (2015)
  • Author(s): Okochi, K., T. Mieno, K. Kondo, S. Hasegawa, and K. Kurosawa
  • Journal Title: Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres Volume: ORIGINS14 Pages: 1-11
  • DOI: DOI 10.10.1007/s11084-015-9419-4
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] High-precision potassium measurements using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy under high vacuum conditions for in situ K–Ar dating of planetary surfaces (2015)
  • Author(s): Cho, Y., S. Sugita, S. Kameda, Y. N. Miura, K. Ishibashi, S. Ohno, S. Kamata, T. Arai, T. Morota, N. Namiki, and T. Matsui
  • Journal Title: Spectrochim. Acta Part B Volume: 106 Pages: 28-35
  • DOI: doi:10.1016/j.sab.2015.02.002
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] The relative timing of Lunar Magma Ocean solidification and the Late Heavy Bombardment inferred from highly degraded impact basin structures (2015)
  • Author(s): Kamata, S., S. Sugita, Y. Abe, Y. Ishihara, Y. Harada, T. Morota, N. Namiki, T. Iwata, H. Hanada, H. Araki, K. Matsumoto, E. Tajika, K. Kuramoto, and F. Nimmo
  • Journal Title: Icarus Volume: 250 Pages: 492-503
  • DOI: DOI: 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.12.025
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Impact experiments on highly porous targets: Cavity morphology and disruption thresholds in the strength regime (2015)
  • Author(s): Okamoto, T., Nakamura, A. M., Hasegawa, S
  • Journal Title: Planetary and Space Science Volume: 107 Pages: 36-44
  • DOI: doi:10.1016/j.pss.2014.08.008
  • Peer Reviewed / Acknowledgement Compliant
• [Journal Article] Size dependence of the disruption threshold: Laboratory examination of millimeter-centimeter porous targets (2015)
  • Author(s): Nakamura, A. M., Yamane, F., Okamoto, T., Takasawa, S.
  • Journal Title: Planetary and Space Science Volume: 107 Pages: 45-52
  • DOI: doi:10.1016/j.pss.2014.07.011
  • Peer Reviewed / Acknowledgement Compliant
• [Journal Article] Crater-Ray Formation by Impact-Induced Ejecta Particles (2015)
  • Author(s): T. Kadono, A. I. Suzuki, K. Wada, N. K. Mitani, S. Yamamoto, M. Arakawa, S. Sugita, J. Haruyama, and A. M. Nakamura
  • Journal Title: Icarus Volume: 250 Pages: 215-221
  • DOI: doi: 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.11.030
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Corrigendum to ''Relationship between regolith particle size and porosity on small bodies'' [Icarus 239 (2014) 291-293] (2015)
  • Author(s): Kiuchi, M., Nakamura, A. M.
  • Journal Title: Icarus Volume: 248 Pages: 221
  • DOI: doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2014.10.039
• [Journal Article] Impact chemistry of methanol: Implications for volatile evolution on icy satellites and dwarf planets, and cometary delivery to the Moon (2014)
  • Author(s): Sekine, Y., H. Genda, Y. Muto, S. Sugita, T. Kadono, T. Matsui
  • Journal Title: Icarus Volume: 243 Pages: 39-47
  • DOI: doi: 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.08.034.
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Gas recovery experiments to determine the degree of shock-induced devolatilization of calcite (2014)
  • Author(s): Ohno, S., K. Ishibashi, T. Sekine, K. Kurosawa, T. Kobayashi, S. Sugita, and T. Matsui
  • Journal Title: Journal of Physics: Conference Series Volume: 500 Pages: 1-5
  • DOI: doi:10.1088/1742-6596/500/6/062001
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Experimental study of impact-cratering damage on brittle cylindrical column model as a fundamental component of space architecture (2014)
  • Author(s): Fujiwara, A., Onose, N., Setoh, M., Nakamura, A. M., Hiraoka, K., Hasegawa, S., and Okudaira, K.
  • Journal Title: Adv. Space Res. Volume: 54 Pages: 1479-1486
  • DOI: doi:10.1016/j.asr.2014.06.015
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Laboratory experiments on the impact disruption of iron meteorites at temperature of near-Earth space (2014)
  • Author(s): Katsura, T., Nakamura, A. M., Takabe, A., Okamoto, T., Sangen, K., Hasegawa, S., Liu, X., and Mashimo, T.
  • Journal Title: Icarus Volume: 241 Pages: 1-12
  • DOI: doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2014.06.007
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Impacts experiments onto heterogeneous targets simulating impact breccia: Implications for impact strength of asteroids and formation of the asteroid families (2014)
  • Author(s): Leliwa-Kopystynski, J. and Arakawa, M.
  • Journal Title: Icarus Volume: 235 Pages: 147-155
  • DOI: doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2014.03.012
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Impact strength of small icy bodies that experienced multiple collisions (2014)
  • Author(s): Yasui, M., Hayama, R., and Arakawa, M.
  • Journal Title: Icarus Volume: 223 Pages: 293-305
  • DOI: doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2014.02.008
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] iSALE shock physics codeによる数値衝突計算 (2014)
  • Author(s): 黒澤耕介, 千秋博紀, 和田浩二, 三上峻, 平田成, 鎌田俊一, 石原吉明, 玄田英典, 中村昭子, 高田淑子
  • Journal Title: 日本惑星科学会誌遊星人 Volume: 23 Pages: 103-110
• [Presentation] Calibration and First Light of Optical Navigation Camera (ONC) of Hayabusa 2. (2015)
  • Author(s): Sugita, S., S. Kameda, H. Sawada, H. Suzuki, M. Yamada, R. Honda, T. Morota, C. Honda, K. Ogawa, K. Shirai, Y. Iijima, Y. Cho, A. Takei, M. Sato, Y. Okumura, T. Yasuda, K. Shibasaki, S. Ikezawa, T. Nakamura, T. Hiroi, S. Kamata, S. C. Koga, and ONC Team
  • Organizer: 46th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
  • Place of Presentation: The Woodlands, Texas, USA
  • Year and Date: 2015-03-16 – 2015-03-20
• [Presentation] Impact-induced melt droplets created by hypervelocity impact experiments using a laser gun (2015)
  • Author(s): Ohno, S., T. Sakaiya, K. Kurosawa, T. Kadono, T. Arai, K. Shigemori, Y. Hironaka, S. Sugita, T. Matsui
  • Organizer: 46th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
  • Place of Presentation: The Woodlands, Texas, USA
  • Year and Date: 2015-03-16 – 2015-03-20
• [Presentation] Classification of meteorites based purely on bulk elemental compositions for analysis of data obtained through space missions (2015)
  • Author(s): Miyamoto, H., T. Niihara, T. Kuritani, P.K. Hong, J.M. Dohm, and S. Sugita
  • Organizer: 46th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
  • Place of Presentation: The Woodlands, Texas, USA
  • Year and Date: 2015-03-16 – 2015-03-20
• [Presentation] Dynamical Evolution of Itokawa Inferred from Impact Experiments on Rubble-pile Targets (2015)
  • Author(s): Tatsumi, E. and S. Sugita
  • Organizer: 46th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
  • Place of Presentation: The Woodlands, Texas, USA
  • Year and Date: 2015-03-16 – 2015-03-20
• [Presentation] In-situ imaging and spectroscopic observations of artificial shooting stars (2015)
  • Author(s): Kurosawa, K., H. Senshu, T. Kasuga, S. Sugita, and T. Matsui
  • Organizer: 46th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
  • Place of Presentation: The Woodlands, Texas, USA
  • Year and Date: 2015-03-16 – 2015-03-20
• [Presentation] Numerical simulations of impacts of a half spherical shell projectile on small asteroids (2015)
  • Author(s): Kurosawa, K., H. Senshu, K. Wada, and TDSS team
  • Organizer: 46th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
  • Place of Presentation: The Woodlands, Texas, USA
  • Year and Date: 2015-03-16 – 2015-03-20
• [Presentation] Escape of early martian atmosphere and hydrosphere: Constraints from isotopic compositions (2015)
  • Author(s): Kurokawa, H., K. Kurosawa, and T. Usui
  • Organizer: 46th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
  • Place of Presentation: The Woodlands, Texas, USA
  • Year and Date: 2015-03-16 – 2015-03-20
• [Presentation] Crater efficiency of an asteroid surface covered with a block layer (2014)
  • Author(s): Tatsumi, E. and S. Sugita
  • Organizer: HAYABUSA 2014: 2nd Symposium of Solar System Materials
  • Place of Presentation: JAXA（神奈川県相模原市）
  • Year and Date: 2014-12-04 – 2014-12-05
• [Presentation] Spectral Variation on Asteroid Itokawa Suggesting Regional Resurfacing (2014)
  • Author(s): Koga, S. C., S. Sugita, S. Kamata, M. Ishiguro, T. Hiroi, S. Sasaki
  • Organizer: HAYABUSA 2014: 2nd Symposium of Solar System Materials
  • Place of Presentation: JAXA（神奈川県相模原市）
  • Year and Date: 2014-12-04 – 2014-12-05
• [Presentation] Crater Rays and Mesh-like Pattern in Impact Ejecta (2014)
  • Author(s): Kadono, T., Suzuki, A., K. Wada, S. Yamamoto, M. Arakawa, S. Sugita, J. Haruyama, and A. Nakamura
  • Organizer: Asia Oceania Geosciences Society 11th Annual Meeting
  • Place of Presentation: ロイトン札幌（北海道札幌市）
  • Year and Date: 2014-07-28 – 2014-08-01
• [Presentation] Impact-driven Ocean Acidification as a Mechanism of K-Pg Mass Extinctions (2014)
  • Author(s): Ohno, S. T. Kadono, T. Sakaiya, K. Kurosawa, T. Hamura, T. Sakaiya, K. Shigemori, Y. Hironaka, T. Sano, T. Watari, K. Otani, T. Matsui and S. Sugita
  • Organizer: Asia Oceania Geosciences Society 11th Annual Meeting
  • Place of Presentation: ロイトン札幌（北海道札幌市）
  • Year and Date: 2014-07-28 – 2014-08-01
• [Presentation] Detection Experiment of Ar Emission Lines for K-Ar Dating Using Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy in Vacuum (2014)
  • Author(s): Okumura, Y., K. Shibasaki, T. Oishi, Y. Cho, S. Kameda, K. Mibe, Y. Miura, and S. Sugita
  • Organizer: Asia Oceania Geosciences Society 11th Annual Meeting
  • Place of Presentation: ロイトン札幌（北海道札幌市）
  • Year and Date: 2014-07-28 – 2014-08-01
• [Presentation] Asteroid Shape Reconstruction by Open Source Tools for Hayabusa-2 Mission (2014)
  • Author(s): Hirata, N., Y. Mori, N. Namiki, S. Sugita
  • Organizer: Asia Oceania Geosciences Society 11th Annual Meeting
  • Place of Presentation: ロイトン札幌（北海道札幌市）
  • Year and Date: 2014-07-28 – 2014-08-01
• [Presentation] Experimental investigation for cavity dimensions of highly porous small bodies (2014)
  • Author(s): Okamoto, T., A. M. Nakamura, and S. Hasegawa
  • Organizer: Asteroids, Comets, Meteors 2014
  • Place of Presentation: Helsinki, Finland
  • Year and Date: 2014-06-30 – 2014-07-04
• [Presentation] Outcome of impact disruption of iron meteorites at room temperature (2014)
  • Author(s): Katsura, T., A. M. Nakamura, A. Takabe, T. Okamoto, K. Sangen, S. Hasegawa, X. Liu, and T. Mashimo
  • Organizer: Asteroids, Comets, Meteors 2014
  • Place of Presentation: Helsinki, Finland
  • Year and Date: 2014-06-30 – 2014-07-04
• [Presentation] The thermodynamic response of silicate minerals after meteoritic impacts: Implications for the evolution of planetary atmospheres (2014)
  • Author(s): Kosuke Kurosawa
  • Organizer: The 10th international conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics
  • Place of Presentation: Bordeaux, France
  • Year and Date: 2014-05-12 – 2014-05-16
  • Invited