2014 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report
| Project/Area Number |
26280051
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| Research Institution | National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology |
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Principal Investigator |
PHILLIPS Steven 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所, 人間情報研究部門, 上級主任研究員 (90344209)
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
武田 裕司 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所, 自動車ヒューマンファクター研究センター, 研究チーム長 (10357410)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2014-04-01 – 2017-03-31
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| Keywords | systematicity / category theory / EEG / synchrony / empirical Bayes / visual search |
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| Outline of Annual Research Achievements |
To test the empirical (i.e., behavioural and neurocognitive) implications of our universal constructions explanation for systematicity, we conducted two experiments that measured changes in behavioural and neurophysiological variables with product arity, a kind of universal construction. In the first experiment, subjects performed a visual search task. Target and non-targets were rectangular bars in one of four colours, orientations, and spatial frequencies. Search was conducted in three product arity conditions, where the target was uniquely identifiable along one, two, or three visual feature dimensions (unary, binary, and ternary arity conditions, respectively). The first experiment replicated our earlier result in showing increased EEG synchrony with product arity in the lower gamma-band region: i.e., greater frontal-parietal electrode synchrony with higher arity. In the second experiment, subjects performed a match-to-sample task: i.e., determine whether given object (rectangular bar) is the same as the previously displayed target object. Matching was done in three product arity conditions. We did not observe a systematic increase in behavioral EEG responses with product arity.
In addition to empirical work, we pursued methodological and theoretical developments of our universal construction account of systematicity. On the methodological side, we adapted Empirical Bayes for the analysis of EEG synchrony, used to assess universal constructions. On the theoretical side, we provided a category theory explanation for the (second-order) systematicity of learning.
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| Current Status of Research Progress |
Current Status of Research Progress
2: Research has progressed on the whole more than it was originally planned.
Reason
3つのアプローチ（実験、理論、方法論）において新しい成果があり、それらを国際誌と学会で報告していることから、おおむね順調に進展していると考えられる。
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| Strategy for Future Research Activity |
In a follow-up study, we tested the hypothesis that systematicity (or lack thereof) depends on the subject's perceived cost-benefit assessment of the task at hand, by explicitly manipulating the cost-benefit perception variable. In a pilot study, 6 subjects were required to learn a set of cue-target associations: i.e., learning the target associated with each cue. Learning cue-target associates was done in a product and a non-product condition for small to large set sizes. In the product condition, awareness and utilization of the product rule afforded greater target predictability (benefit), but at the cost of slower response via the product construction and having to find (learn) the target construction. Conversely, circumventing a product construction by utilizing direct cue-to-target associations affords faster response times, but at the cost of inability to predict testing trials and having to learn more direct cue-target associations. When the number of associations (set size) is low, we expect subjects to utilize the (apparently) low cost non-product strategy, but when number of associations is high, we expect them to employ the (apparently) high cost product strategy. Consistent with these expectations, response errors decreased with set size in the product condition compared to the non-product condition, and response times correspondingly increased. The plan is to run a new experiment, based on this pilot study to further test our cost-benefit hypothesis and associated in neurophysiological (EEG) measures.
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| Causes of Carryover |
H26年度に行った見本合わせ課題の実験で我々のモデルから想定される脳活動パタンとは異なる結果が得られた。このため、H26年度はモデルの修正を中心に作業を行った。これにより,実験的研究に関わる経費に残額が生じた。
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| Expenditure Plan for Carryover Budget |
実験的研究を加速させるため、本研究課題に専従のポスドク研究員を雇用する。H26年度の未使用額はこのための費用に充当する。
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