2015 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report
| Project/Area Number |
26280051
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| Research Institution | National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology |
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Principal Investigator |
Phillips Steven 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所, 人間情報研究部門, 上級主任研究員 (90344209)
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
武田 裕司 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所, 自動車ヒューマンファクター研究センター, 研究チーム長 (10357410)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2014-04-01 – 2017-03-31
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| Keywords | systematicity / category theory |
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| Outline of Annual Research Achievements |
Systematicity is a cognitive property whereby the capacity for certain cognitive abilities implies the capacity for certain other (structurally related) cognitive abilities. Yet, this property is not always present. The theoretical challenge, then, is to explain both the presence and absence of systematicity. Our category theory approach explains systematicity as a necessary and sufficient consequence of a universal construction. This explanation implies that failure of systematicity arises from failure to acquire the appropriate construction. We tested this implication with an experiment that required learning two series of cue-target (character-shape) pair maps whose underlying structures were either products (universal construction), or non-products (control). Each series was learned in either ascending or descending order of size: number of unique cue/target elements constituting pairs, which varied from three to six. Only performance on the product series was affected by order: systematicity was obtained universally in the descend group, but only on large sets in the ascend group. The results suggest that learning small maps directly, without reference to the underlying product, may be perceived as more cost-effective, i.e., acquisition of a universal construction, hence systematicity, depends on an empirical cost-benefit tradeoff. The categorical approach also affords a general method for other tradeoffs.
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| Current Status of Research Progress |
Current Status of Research Progress
2: Research has progressed on the whole more than it was originally planned.
Reason
3つのアプローチ（実験、理論、方法論）において新しい成果があり、学会で報告を行っていることから、おおむね順調に進展していると考えられる。
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| Strategy for Future Research Activity |
In a follow-up study, we plan to test the implications of the cost-benefit (dual-route) hypothesis that emerged from the results of the previous year's achievements. The dual-route hypothesis says that people will opt for the primal or alternative dual route depending on which is more "cost-effective" (informative). To test this hypothesis we employ a variation on the visual search paradigm. In this task, participants are required to search for a target (component) object A in a display of pairs of objects (A, B). For example, participants are shown the target, A1, then a display containing 4 pairs of objects , (A1, B1), …, (A4, B4), from which they must identify the location (screen quadrant) containing the target, A1. In this scenario, search for the target can be done in one of three ways: (1) directly - search for the target A independently of its relation to B, (2) indirectly via intersection (product) - use the intersection of each pair of objects, A x B, to locate the target, or (3) indirectly via union (coproduct) - use the union of each pair of objects, A + B, to locate the target. Search difficulty can be manipulated at the object, intersection (product), or union (coproduct) levels. We predict that participants will choose the route that is more informative (i.e. has the higher salience). For example, response time will be shorter in the high versus low intersection saliency condition with object saliency controlled.
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| Causes of Carryover |
コスト－ベネフィットのトレードオフを実験的に検証するための実験パラダイムの創出と予備実験に手間取ったため、予定よりも本実験の開始が遅くなった。このため、予算的には予定よりも人件費と実験参加者への謝金を積み残した。
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| Expenditure Plan for Carryover Budget |
平成28年度の実験実施に関わる実験補助員の人件費および実験参加者への謝金に使用する。
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Research Products
(2 results)
