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Development of high perpendicular anisotropy thin film and its magnetization control

Research Project

Project/Area Number 18H03787
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Review Section Medium-sized Section 21:Electrical and electronic engineering and related fields
Research InstitutionNational Institute for Materials Science

Principal Investigator

TAKAHASHI Yukiko  国立研究開発法人物質・材料研究機構, 磁性・スピントロニクス材料研究拠点, グループリーダー (50421392)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 磯上 慎二  国立研究開発法人物質・材料研究機構, 磁性・スピントロニクス材料研究拠点, 主任研究員 (10586853)
葛西 伸哉  国立研究開発法人物質・材料研究機構, 磁性・スピントロニクス材料研究拠点, グループリーダー (20378855)
山路 俊樹  国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所, エレクトロニクス・製造領域, 主任研究員 (30432355)
杉本 聡志  国立研究開発法人物質・材料研究機構, 磁性・スピントロニクス材料研究拠点, 研究員 (90812610)
王 建  国立研究開発法人物質・材料研究機構, 若手国際研究センター, ICYS研究員 (80792069)
Project Period (FY) 2018-04-01 – 2022-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2021)
Budget Amount *help
¥40,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥31,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥9,300,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥8,580,000 (Direct Cost: ¥6,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,980,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥9,360,000 (Direct Cost: ¥7,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,160,000)
Fiscal Year 2019: ¥8,580,000 (Direct Cost: ¥6,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,980,000)
Fiscal Year 2018: ¥13,780,000 (Direct Cost: ¥10,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,180,000)
Keywords垂直異方性薄膜 / 磁化反転制御 / 垂直磁化膜 / 磁化反転
Outline of Final Research Achievements

The purpose of this research is to elucidate magnetization dynamics in perpendicularly magnetized films with thicknesses of 1-10 nm, which are important for practical applications, and to study highly efficient magnetization reversal. Major results include the establishment of the world's unique system capable of measuring magnetization dynamics at high magnetic fields of 7 T and high temperatures up to 700 K, evaluation of high-temperature damping in FePt media, and significant improvement of the probability of magnetization reversal in a single pulse of circularly polarized light using exchange coupling.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

高垂直異方性薄膜は、爆発的に増加するデジタル情報を保存する役割を持つ。これらの薄膜の磁化反転方式としてエネルギーアシスト磁気記録が提案されているが、高い垂直異方性材料の磁化ダイナミクスの評価が困難であったため、過剰のエネルギーアシストにより素子を破壊してしまうことが問題であった。本研究でこれらの材料の磁化ダイナミクス測定が可能になったことは、必要最低限のエネルギーアシストを実現するための材料設計ができるようになったことを意味し学術的に意義のあることである。また必要最低限のエネルギーで磁化反転ができるようになれば、更なる磁気デバイスの高密度化が可能になり社会的意義も大きい。

Report

(5 results)
  • 2021 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2020 Annual Research Report
  • 2019 Annual Research Report
  • 2018 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (55 results)

All 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Other

All Int'l Joint Research (7 results) Journal Article (20 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 2 results,  Peer Reviewed: 18 results,  Open Access: 5 results) Presentation (27 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 9 results,  Invited: 5 results) Patent(Industrial Property Rights) (1 results)

  • [Int'l Joint Research] Western Digital/Seagate Technology(米国)

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Uppsala university(スイス)

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] CNRS(フランス)

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Ohio State University(米国)

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] University of Ulsan(韓国)

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Uppsala University/Stanford university(スウェーデン)

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] CNRS(フランス)

    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Impact of B-doping on topological Hall resistivity in (111)- and (110)-oriented Mn4N single layers with the non-collinear spin structure2022

    • Author(s)
      Isogami Shinji、Ohtake Mitsuru、Takahashi Yukiko K.
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Applied Physics

      Volume: 131 Issue: 7 Pages: 073904-073904

    • DOI

      10.1063/5.0083042

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Magnetization Precession at Sub‐Terahertz Frequencies in Polycrystalline Cu2Sb‐Type (Mn-Cr)AlGe Ultrathin Films2022

    • Author(s)
      Sasaki Yuta、Hiramatsu Ryoya、Kota Yohei、Kubota Takahide、Sonobe Yoshiaki、Sakuma Akimasa、Takanashi Koki、Kasai Shinya、Takahashi Yukiko K.
    • Journal Title

      Small

      Volume: 18 Issue: 20 Pages: 2200378-2200378

    • DOI

      10.1002/smll.202200378

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Transmission electron microscopy image based micromagnetic simulations for optimizing nanostructure of FePt-X heat-assisted magnetic recording media2022

    • Author(s)
      Bolyachkin A.、Sepehri-Amin H.、Suzuki I.、Tajiri H.、Takahashi Y.K.、Srinivasan K.、Ho H.、Yuan H.、Seki T.、Ajan A.、Hono K.
    • Journal Title

      Acta Materialia

      Volume: 227 Pages: 117744-117744

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.actamat.2022.117744

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Nanoscale-Thick Ni-Based Half-Heusler Alloys with Structural Ordering-Dependent Ultralow Magnetic Damping: Implications for Spintronic Applications2022

    • Author(s)
      Mandal Ruma、Kurniawan Ivan、Suzuki Ippei、Wen Zhenchao、Miura Yoshio、Kubota Takahide、Takanashi Koki、Ohkubo Tadakatsu、Hono Kazuhiro、Takahashi Yukiko K
    • Journal Title

      ACS Applied Nano Materials

      Volume: 5 Issue: 1 Pages: 569-577

    • DOI

      10.1021/acsanm.1c03378

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Origin of magnetic anisotropy, role of induced magnetic moment, and all-optical magnetization switching for Co100-xGdx/Pt multilayers2021

    • Author(s)
      J. Wang, T. Seki, Y-C. Lau, Y. K. Takahashi, K. Takanashi
    • Journal Title

      APL Materials

      Volume: 9 Issue: 6 Pages: 061110-061110

    • DOI

      10.1063/5.0050985

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Magneto-optical design of anomalous Nernst thermopile2021

    • Author(s)
      Jian Wang, Asuka Miura, Rajkumar Modak, Yukiko K. Takahashi, and Ken-ichi Uchida
    • Journal Title

      Scientific Reports

      Volume: 11 Issue: 1 Pages: 11228-11228

    • DOI

      10.1038/s41598-021-90865-5

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Efficient current-driven magnetization switching owing to isotropic magnetism in a highly symmetric 111-oriented Mn4N epitaxial single layer2021

    • Author(s)
      Isogami Shinji、Rajamanickam Nagalingam、Kozuka Yusuke、Takahashi Yukiko K.
    • Journal Title

      AIP Advances

      Volume: 11 Issue: 10 Pages: 105314-105314

    • DOI

      10.1063/5.0062253

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Dependence of the Growth Mode in Epitaxial FePt Films on Surface Free Energy2021

    • Author(s)
      Suzuki Ippei、Kubo Shoichi、Sepehri-Amin Hosein、Takahashi Yukiko K.
    • Journal Title

      ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

      Volume: - Issue: 14 Pages: 16620-16627

    • DOI

      10.1021/acsami.0c22510

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report 2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Interlayer exchange coupling modulated all-optical magnetic switching in synthetic ferrimagnetic heterostructures2020

    • Author(s)
      Wang Jian、Sugimoto Satoshi、Kasai Shinya、Takahashi Yukiko K
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics

      Volume: 53 Issue: 47 Pages: 475002-475002

    • DOI

      10.1088/1361-6463/ababd0

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Magneto-optical painting of heat current2020

    • Author(s)
      J. Wang, Y. K. Takahashi, and K. Uchida
    • Journal Title

      Nature Communications

      Volume: 11 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-7

    • DOI

      10.1038/s41467-019-13799-7

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Spin-resolved contribution to perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and Gilbert damping in interface-engineered Fe/MgAl2O4 heterostructures2020

    • Author(s)
      R. Mandal, Q. Xiang, K. Masuda, Y. Miura, H. Sukegawa, S. Mitani and Y.K. Takahashi
    • Journal Title

      Phys. Rev. Applied

      Volume: 14 Issue: 6 Pages: 064027-064027

    • DOI

      10.1103/physrevapplied.14.064027

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Control of grain density in FePt-C granular thin films during initial growth2020

    • Author(s)
      Suzuki Ippei、Wang Jian、Takahashi Yukiko K.、Hono Kazuhiro
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials

      Volume: 500 Pages: 166418-166418

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.jmmm.2020.166418

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report 2019 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Laser-induced terahertz emission in Co2MnSi/Pt structure2020

    • Author(s)
      Sasaki Yuta、Takahashi Yukiko、Kasai Shinya
    • Journal Title

      Applied Physics Express

      Volume: 13 Issue: 9 Pages: 093003-093003

    • DOI

      10.35848/1882-0786/abb1c9

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Magnetic in-plane components of FePt nanogranular film on polycrystalline MgO underlayer for heat-assisted magnetic recording media2019

    • Author(s)
      Wang J.、Sepehri-Amin H.、Takahashi Y.K.、Ohkubo T.、Hono K.
    • Journal Title

      Acta Materialia

      Volume: 177 Pages: 1-8

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.actamat.2019.07.017

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Impact of carbon segregant on microstructure and magneticproperties of FePt-C nanogranularfilms on MgO (001) substrate2019

    • Author(s)
      J. Wang, H. Sepehri-amin, H. Tajiri, T. Nakamura, K. Masuda, Y.K. Takahashi, T. Ina, T. Urga, I. Suzuki, Y. Miura, K. Hono
    • Journal Title

      Acta Mater

      Volume: 166 Pages: 413-423

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.actamat.2019.01.001

    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] High melting point metal (Pt, W) seed layer for grain size refinement of FePt-based heat-assisted magnetic recording media2019

    • Author(s)
      J. Wang, D. Liu, I. suzuki, Y.K. Takahashi, M. Yan and K. Hono
    • Journal Title

      Applied Physics Express

      Volume: 12 Issue: 2 Pages: 023007-023007

    • DOI

      10.7567/1882-0786/aafca3

    • NAID

      210000135590

    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Impact of Intergrain Spin-Transfer Torques Due to Huge Thermal Gradients in Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording2018

    • Author(s)
      Bernard Dieny, Mair Chshiev, Brian Charles, Nikita Strelkov, Alain Truong, Olivier Fruchart, Ali Hallal, Jian Wang, Yukiko K. Takahashi, Tomohito Mizuno, and Kazuhiro Hono,
    • Journal Title

      IEEE Trans. Magn.

      Volume: 54 Issue: 12 Pages: 0800111-0800111

    • DOI

      10.1109/tmag.2018.2863225

    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Investigation of Gilbert damping of a tetragonally distorted ultrathin Fe0.5Co0.5 epitaxial film with high magnetic anisotropy2018

    • Author(s)
      R. Mandal, J. W. Jung, K. Masuda, Y. K. Takahashi, Y. Sakuraba, S. Kasai, Y. Miura, T. Ohkubo, K. Hono
    • Journal Title

      Applied Physics Letters

      Volume: 113 Issue: 23 Pages: 232406-232406

    • DOI

      10.1063/1.5052721

    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Near-Tc Ferromagnetic Resonance and Damping in FePt-Based Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording Media2018

    • Author(s)
      Daniel Richardson, Sidney Katz, J. Wang, Y. K. Takahashi, Kumar Srinivasan, Alan Kalitsov, K. Hono, Antony Ajan, and Mingzhong Wu
    • Journal Title

      Phys. Rev. Applied

      Volume: 10 Pages: 054046-054046

    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Time domain magnetization dynamics study to estimate interlayer exchange coupling constant in Nd-Fe-B/Ni80Fe20 films2018

    • Author(s)
      R. Mandal, D. Ogawa, Y. Tamazawa, K. Ishioka, T. Shima, T. Kato, S. Iwata, Y.K. Takahashi, S. Hirosawa and K. Hono
    • Journal Title

      J. Magn. Magn. Mater

      Volume: 468 Pages: 273-278

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.jmmm.2018.08.010

    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Co2MnSi/Ptにおけるレーザー励起磁化歳差ダイナミクスとスピンミキシングコンダクタンス2021

    • Author(s)
      佐々木悠太、高橋有紀子、葛西伸哉
    • Organizer
      第45回日本磁気学会学術講演会
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Co2MnSi/Ptにおけるスピンミキシングコンダクタンス2021

    • Author(s)
      佐々木悠太、高橋有紀子、葛西伸哉
    • Organizer
      日本金属学会2021年秋期 第169回講演大会
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 全光学的手法を用いたサブテラヘルツ帯域の強磁性共鳴とCo2MnSi/Ptのスピンミキシングコンダクタンス2021

    • Author(s)
      佐々木悠太、高橋有紀子、葛西伸哉
    • Organizer
      日本電子材料技術協会 第58回秋期講演大会
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Current status and future prospects in heat-assisted magnetic recording media2021

    • Author(s)
      Y.K. Takahashi
    • Organizer
      EPSRC International Network for Spintronics Research Symposium
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Spin-Resolved Contribution to Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy and Gilbert Damping in Interface-Engineered Fe/MgAl2O4 Heterostructures2021

    • Author(s)
      R. Mandal, Q. Xiang, K. Masuda, Y. Miura, H. Sukegawa, S. Mitani and Y. K. Takahashi
    • Organizer
      The 4th International Symposium for The Core Research Cluster for Spintronics
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Interface-Engineered Magnetic Gilbert Damping : AN experimental and Theoretical Study in Perpendicularly Magnetized Fe/ MgAl2O4 Heterostructures2020

    • Author(s)
      R. Mandal, Q. Xiang, K. Masuda, Y. Miura, H. Sukegawa, S. Mitani and Y. K. Takahashi
    • Organizer
      The 4th Symposium for The Core Research Cluster for Materials Science and the 3rd Symposium on International Joint Graduate Program in Materials Science
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] FePtグラニュラー薄膜の微細組織に及ぼす格子不整合の影響2020

    • Author(s)
      鈴木一平, 高橋有紀子, 宝野和博
    • Organizer
      第44回日本磁気学会学術講演会
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] FePtグラニュラー薄膜の高密度化2020

    • Author(s)
      鈴木一平, 高橋有紀子, 宝野和博
    • Organizer
      日本電子材料技術協会 第57回秋季講演大会
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Terahertz emission in epitaxially grown Co2MnSi/Pt bilayer thin films2020

    • Author(s)
      Y. Sasaki, Y. K. Takahashi, and S. Kasai
    • Organizer
      The 2020 Around-the-clock Around-the-Globe Magnetics Conference-IEEE Magnetics Society
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] CoxFe100-x/Pt における超高速スピン流の強磁性層膜厚依存性2020

    • Author(s)
      佐々木悠太, 高橋有紀子, 葛西伸哉
    • Organizer
      日本金属学会2020年秋期 第167回講演大会
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] CoxFe100-x/Ptヘテロ構造を有するテラヘルツエミッターにおける放射強度の強磁性金属層膜厚依存性2020

    • Author(s)
      佐々木悠太, 高橋有紀子, 葛西伸哉
    • Organizer
      日本電子材料技術協会 第57回秋期講演大会
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] CoxFe100-x/Pt 薄膜におけるテラヘルツ時間領域分光法を用いたパルスレーザー励起スピン流の強磁性層膜厚依存性2020

    • Author(s)
      佐々木悠太, 高橋有紀子, 葛西伸哉
    • Organizer
      第44回 日本磁気学会学術講演会
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Control of Nucleation and Coarsening at Initial Stage during Film Growth of FePt-C Granular Films2019

    • Author(s)
      I. Suzuki, J. Wang, Y. K. Takahashi, and K. Hono
    • Organizer
      the 2019 Joint MMM-Intermag Conference
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] FePt-Cr2O3グラニュラー薄膜の微細組織変化と磁気特性2019

    • Author(s)
      鈴木一平、H. Sepehri-Amin、高橋有紀子、宝野和博
    • Organizer
      第43回 日本磁気学会学術講演会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] FePtグラニュラー膜の初期成長制御による高密度化2019

    • Author(s)
      鈴木一平
    • Organizer
      電気学会研究会 磁気記録技術の研究最前線
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Magnetic Damping of NiMnSb Half-Heusler Alloy Film with Varying Annealing Temperature2019

    • Author(s)
      R. Mandal, Z. Wen, T. Kubota, K. Takanashi and Y. K. Takahashi
    • Organizer
      JSAP Autumn Meeting
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Magnetic Damping of NiMnSb Half-Heusler Alloy Film with Varying Annealing Temperature2019

    • Author(s)
      R. Mandal, Z. Wen, T. Kubota, K. Takanashi and Y. K. Takahashi
    • Organizer
      MMM 2019
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 磁性スピントロニクス材料の新展開2019

    • Author(s)
      高橋有紀子
    • Organizer
      千葉大学 物質科学セミナー
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Microstructure control of FePt-based HAMR media2019

    • Author(s)
      高橋有紀子
    • Organizer
      The Magnetic Recording Conference
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Magnetic in-plane components of FePt nanogranular film on polycrystalline MgO underlayer for heat-assisted magnetic recording media2019

    • Author(s)
      Wang J.、Sepehri-Amin H.、Takahashi Y.K.、Ohkubo T.、Hono K.
    • Organizer
      MMM 2019
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Enhanced effective damping constant in Mn based nitride compounds2019

    • Author(s)
      S. Isogami, M. Ruma, and Y.K. Takahashi, A. Anzai, T. Gushi, T. Komori, and T. Suemasu
    • Organizer
      応用物理学会春季講演会
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Gilbert damping on the ultra-thin PMA films2018

    • Author(s)
      Y.K. Takahashi, R. Mandal, J.W. Jung, Z.C. Wen, K. Masuda, H. Sukegawa, Y. Sakuraba, Y. Miura, S. Kasai, T. Ohkubo, S. Mitani, K. Hono
    • Organizer
      ICMFS
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Tetragonally Distorted Ultrathin Fe50Co50 Epitaxial Film with High Magnetic Anisotropy and Gilbert Damping2018

    • Author(s)
      R. Mandal, J. W. Jung, K. Masuda, Y. K. Takahashi, Y. Sakuraba, S. Kasai, Y. Miura, T. Ohkubo and K. Hono
    • Organizer
      Intermag2018
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in Fe/MgAl2O4 heterostructure2018

    • Author(s)
      Qingyi Xiang, Ruma Mandal, Hiroaki Sukegawa, Yukiko K. Takahashi and Seiji Mitani
    • Organizer
      MSJ
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] In-plane components of FePt nanogranular films on MgO underlayer with and without carbon segregant2018

    • Author(s)
      J. Wang, Y.K. Takahashi and K. Hono
    • Organizer
      Intermag2018
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 超高密度磁気ストレージのための材料開発2018

    • Author(s)
      高橋有紀子
    • Organizer
      秋田大学セミナー
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Control of The Grain Density of in FePt-C Granular Thin Films2018

    • Author(s)
      Ippei Suzuki, Jian Wang, Yukiko K. Takahashi and Kazuhiro Hono
    • Organizer
      TMRC
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Patent(Industrial Property Rights)] 垂直型熱電発電素子及びこれを用いた電子機器2020

    • Inventor(s)
      2020
    • Industrial Property Rights Holder
      物質・材料研究機構
    • Industrial Property Rights Type
      特許
    • Industrial Property Number
      2020-096025
    • Filing Date
      2020
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report

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Published: 2018-04-23   Modified: 2023-01-30  

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