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A study on computer memory systems achieving drastic energy efficiency by controllably accepting bit-flip errors

Research Project

Project/Area Number 19H01108
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Review Section Medium-sized Section 60:Information science, computer engineering, and related fields
Research InstitutionNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology

Principal Investigator

Hirofuchi Takahiro  国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所, 情報・人間工学領域, 研究チーム長 (20462864)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 高野 了成  国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所, 情報・人間工学領域, 主任研究員 (10509516)
今村 裕志  国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所, エレクトロニクス・製造領域, 研究チーム長 (30323091)
荒井 礼子  国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所, エレクトロニクス・製造領域, 主任研究員 (50431755)
Project Period (FY) 2019-04-01 – 2023-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2022)
Budget Amount *help
¥45,110,000 (Direct Cost: ¥34,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥10,410,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥10,790,000 (Direct Cost: ¥8,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,490,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥10,790,000 (Direct Cost: ¥8,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,490,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥10,790,000 (Direct Cost: ¥8,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,490,000)
Fiscal Year 2019: ¥12,740,000 (Direct Cost: ¥9,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,940,000)
KeywordsError Permissive / 不揮発性メモリ / 磁気メモリ / MRAM / 計算機アーキテクチャ / システムソフトウェア / Approximate Computing / シミュレーション / 計算機システム / メモリ / ハイパーバイザ / 省エネ
Outline of Research at the Start

本研究では、非常に低消費電力ながら信頼性が低いメモリデバイスを計算機に適用する手法を研究することで、既存の計算機技術では達成し得ない抜本的な省エネ化を実現することを目指す。メモリのビット化けを許容する計算機アーキテクチャ、それを取り扱うシステムソフトウェアを研究し、その有効性を実際のアプリケーションを通して明らかにする。特に、書き込み電力が格段に小さい反面、書き込みエラーの発生率が問題となる電圧駆動型磁気メモリ(MRAM)に着目し、CPUキャッシュとメインメモリの消費電力を2桁以上削減することを目指す。

Outline of Final Research Achievements

In order to apply highly energy-efficient but less reliable memory devices to computer systems, we conducted cross-layer studies from theoretical error models of voltage-controlled magneto-resistive memory (MRAM) cells to computer architecture and system software. We developed a cross-layer memory simulator integrating a theoretical model of memory cell errors, conducted thorough analysis on error behaviors across the memory cell, hardware and software levels, and showed the design of computer systems controllably accepting bit-flip errors.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

非常に低消費電力ながら信頼性が低いメモリデバイスを計算機に適用する手法を明らかにすることで、信頼性が高いメモリデバイスを前提としてきた既存の計算機技術では達成し得ない抜本的な計算機の省エネ化を実現することが可能になる。本研究において電圧駆動磁気メモリ(MRAM)を題材として計算機の構成手法を議論することで、将来の低消費電力計算機の実現に向けて端緒を開くことができた。

Report

(6 results)
  • 2022 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2021 Annual Research Report
  • 2020 Annual Research Report
  • 2019 Comments on the Screening Results   Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (34 results)

All 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Other

All Journal Article (15 results) (of which Peer Reviewed: 10 results,  Open Access: 8 results) Presentation (18 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 6 results,  Invited: 5 results) Remarks (1 results)

  • [Journal Article] Characteristic time of transition from write error to retention error in voltage-controlled magnetoresistive random-access memory2023

    • Author(s)
      Arai Hiroko、Imamura Hiroshi
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials

      Volume: 572 Pages: 170624-170624

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.jmmm.2023.170624

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Distribution of write error rate of spin-transfer-torque magnetoresistive random access memory caused by a distribution of junction parameters2022

    • Author(s)
      Imamura Hiroshi、Arai Hiroko、Matsumoto Rie
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials

      Volume: 563 Pages: 170012-170012

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.jmmm.2022.170012

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Precession dynamics of a small magnet with non-Markovian damping: Theoretical proposal for an experiment to determine the correlation time2022

    • Author(s)
      Imamura Hiroshi、Arai Hiroko、Matsumoto Rie、Yamaji Toshiki、Tsukahara Hiroshi
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials

      Volume: 553 Pages: 169209-169209

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.jmmm.2022.169209

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Fogcached: A DRAM/NVMM Hybrid KVS Server for Edge Computing2021

    • Author(s)
      OZAWA Kouki、HIROFUCHI Takahiro、TAKANO Ryousei、SUGAYA Midori
    • Journal Title

      IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems

      Volume: E104.D Issue: 12 Pages: 2089-2096

    • DOI

      10.1587/transinf.2021PAP0003

    • NAID

      130008123384

    • ISSN
      0916-8532, 1745-1361
    • Year and Date
      2021-12-01
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Probability Distribution of the Write-Error Rate of Voltage-Controlled Magnetoresistive Random-Access Memories2021

    • Author(s)
      Arai Hiroko、Hirofuchi Takahiro、Imamura Hiroshi
    • Journal Title

      Physical Review Applied

      Volume: 16 Issue: 6 Pages: 1-13

    • DOI

      10.1103/physrevapplied.16.064068

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] A simulation of a memory subsystem using a highly energy-efficient but erroneous MRAM2021

    • Author(s)
      Saito Daiki、Hirofuchi Takahiro、Arai Hiroko、Sato Yukinori
    • Journal Title

      Proceedings of the 2021 Ninth International Symposium on Computing and Networking Workshops (CANDARW)

      Volume: 1 Pages: 120-126

    • DOI

      10.1109/candarw53999.2021.00027

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] 同時マルチスレッディング環境下における永続メモリ向けスケジューラの検討2021

    • Author(s)
      貴田駿, 広渕崇宏, 高野了成, 河野健二
    • Journal Title

      第32回コンピュータシステム・シンポジウム(ComSys2021)論文集

      Volume: 1 Pages: 19-26

    • NAID

      170000185946

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] FPGAによる次世代メモリのエミュレーション機構2021

    • Author(s)
      深井貴明, 広渕崇宏, 高野了成, BEN AHMED Akram, 佐藤賢斗
    • Journal Title

      情報処理学会研究報告

      Volume: 2021-HPC-180 Pages: 1-10

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] A Prompt Report on the Performance of Intel Optane DC Persistent Memory Module2020

    • Author(s)
      HIROFUCHI Takahiro、TAKANO Ryousei
    • Journal Title

      IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems

      Volume: E103.D Issue: 5 Pages: 1168-1172

    • DOI

      10.1587/transinf.2019EDL8141

    • NAID

      130007839090

    • ISSN
      0916-8532, 1745-1361
    • Year and Date
      2020-05-01
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Large-Angle Precession of Magnetization Maintained by a Microwave Voltage2020

    • Author(s)
      Imamura Hiroshi、Matsumoto Rie
    • Journal Title

      Physical Review Applied

      Volume: 14 Issue: 6 Pages: 1-7

    • DOI

      10.1103/physrevapplied.14.064062

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] fogcached: DRAM-NVM Hybrid Memory-Based KVS Server for Edge Computing2020

    • Author(s)
      Ozawa Kouki、Hirofuchi Takahiro、Takano Ryousei、Sugaya Midori
    • Journal Title

      Lecture Notes in Computer Science

      Volume: 12407 LNCS Pages: 50-62

    • DOI

      10.1007/978-3-030-59824-2_4

    • ISBN
      9783030598235, 9783030598242
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] A Software-based NVM Emulator Supporting Read/Write Asymmetric Latencies2019

    • Author(s)
      KOSHIBA Atsushi、HIROFUCHI Takahiro、TAKANO Ryousei、NAMIKI Mitaro
    • Journal Title

      IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems

      Volume: E102.D Issue: 12 Pages: 2377-2388

    • DOI

      10.1587/transinf.2019PAP0018

    • NAID

      130007754479

    • ISSN
      0916-8532, 1745-1361
    • Year and Date
      2019-12-01
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] The Preliminary Evaluation of a Hypervisor-based Virtualization Mechanism for Intel Optane DC Persistent Memory Module2019

    • Author(s)
      Takahiro Hirofuchi, Ryousei Takano
    • Journal Title

      Computing Research Repository (CoRR), arXiv

      Volume: abs/1907.12014 Pages: 1-9

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Open Access
  • [Journal Article] [招待講演]計算機メモリシステムの研究最新動向2019

    • Author(s)
      広渕崇宏
    • Journal Title

      電子情報通信学会技術研究報告

      Volume: 290 Pages: 29-35

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] FPGAによる次世代メモリのエミュレーション機構の試作2019

    • Author(s)
      広渕崇宏, 高野了成
    • Journal Title

      情報処理学会研究報告

      Volume: 2019-HPC-171 Pages: 1-7

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 書き込みエラー率分布を考慮した不揮発メインメモリシステムによるビット化け発生数の評価2022

    • Author(s)
      荒井礼子, 斉藤大貴, 佐藤幸紀, 広渕崇宏, 今村裕志
    • Organizer
      第83回応用物理学会秋季学術講演会
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 超高速磁化ダイナミクスにおける非マルコフ緩和の効果2022

    • Author(s)
      今村 裕志, 荒井 礼子, 松本 利映, 山路 俊樹, 塚原 宙
    • Organizer
      第83回応用物理学会秋季学術講演会
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] ベリファイ機構を搭載したVC-MRAMに対するシステムレベルシミュレーション2022

    • Author(s)
      斉藤大貴, 荒井礼子, 広渕崇宏, 佐藤幸紀
    • Organizer
      The 6th cross-disciplinary Workshop on Computing Systems, Infrastructures, and Programming
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] A simulation of a memory subsystem using a highly energy-efficient but erroneous MRAM2021

    • Author(s)
      Saito Daiki、Hirofuchi Takahiro、Arai Hiroko、Sato Yukinori
    • Organizer
      The Ninth International Symposium on Computing and Networking Workshops
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 電圧駆動 MRAM における書き込みエラー率の確率分布に関する理論的研究2021

    • Author(s)
      荒井礼子, 広渕崇宏, 今村裕志,
    • Organizer
      第82回応用物理学会秋季学術講演会
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 同時マルチスレッディング環境下における永続メモリ向けスケジューラの検討2021

    • Author(s)
      貴田駿, 広渕崇宏, 高野了成, 河野健二
    • Organizer
      第32回コンピュータシステム・シンポジウム(ComSys2021)
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] FPGAによる次世代メモリのエミュレーション機構2021

    • Author(s)
      深井貴明, 広渕崇宏, 高野了成, BEN AHMED Akram, 佐藤賢斗
    • Organizer
      第130回ハイパフォーマンスコンピューティング研究発表会
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Virtualization for Emerging Memory Devices2020

    • Author(s)
      Takahiro Hirofuchi
    • Organizer
      IEEE Symposium on Low-Power and High-Speed Chips and Systems (COOL Chips 23)
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] ハイブリッド型メインメモリに対するハイパーバイザによる仮想化手法2020

    • Author(s)
      広渕 崇宏
    • Organizer
      第19回情報科学技術フォーラム(FIT2020)
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] fogcached: DRAM-NVM Hybrid Memory-Based KVS Server for Edge Computing2020

    • Author(s)
      Ozawa Kouki、Hirofuchi Takahiro、Takano Ryousei、Sugaya Midori
    • Organizer
      4th International Conference on Edge Computing
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Weightless neural network with high write error rate MRAM: pattern matching and recognition2020

    • Author(s)
      荒井 礼子, 今村 裕志
    • Organizer
      The 8th RIEC International Symposium on Brain Functions and Brain Computer
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] 書き込みエラーを許容した重みなしニューラルネットワークによる画像認識2019

    • Author(s)
      荒井 礼子, 今村 裕志
    • Organizer
      応用物理学会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] The recognition accuracy and power consumption of weightless neural network adopting spin-torque MRAM with a high write error rate2019

    • Author(s)
      荒井 礼子, 今村 裕志
    • Organizer
      Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (MMM2019)
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Hypervisor-based virtualization for emerging memory devices2019

    • Author(s)
      Takahiro Hirofuchi
    • Organizer
      France-Japan-Germany Trilateral Workshop
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] [招待講演]計算機メモリシステムの研究最新動向2019

    • Author(s)
      広渕 崇宏
    • Organizer
      電子情報通信学会技術研究報告フォトニックネットワーク研究会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] FPGAによる次世代メモリのエミュレーション機構の紹介2019

    • Author(s)
      広渕崇宏, 高野了成
    • Organizer
      第31回コンピュータシステム・シンポジウム(ComSys2019)
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] ハイブリッド型メインメモリを対象とするKVSサーバの試作2019

    • Author(s)
      小沢公基, 広渕崇宏, 高野了成, 菅谷みどり
    • Organizer
      第31回コンピュータシステム・シンポジウム(ComSys2019)
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] ハイブリッド型メインメモリKVSサーバの提案及びエッジコンピューティングへの適用2019

    • Author(s)
      小沢公基, 広渕崇宏, 高野了成, 菅谷みどり
    • Organizer
      第82回情報処理学会全国大会全国大会講演
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Remarks] Error Permissive Computing

    • URL

      https://error-permissive-computing.github.io/

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report

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Published: 2019-04-18   Modified: 2024-01-30  

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