| Budget Amount *help |
¥1,950,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥450,000)
Fiscal Year 2016: ¥650,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥150,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥650,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥150,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥650,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥150,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
Our research aims to examine the influence of the old science called “physiognomy” on the foundation of a new narrative medium of the 19th century in Europe, later called “comic strips”. First, we investigated how a Genevan writer Rodolphe Topffer (1799-1846), today considered as the father of the comic strip, made use of the concept of physiognomy to theorize his method of character drawing. The possibility of telling a story by drawing the same face hundreds of times was his great finding, but was also, we showed, a result of prevailing physiognomic interests in theoretical writings on painting, acting and rhetoric in the 17th and 18th centuries. We emphasized that the contradictory aspects of a facial expression, namely, the fact that a face can reveal or conceal the person’s inner life, were often explored in arts or in books of manners in the same period.
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