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1991 Fiscal Year Final Research Report Summary

Comparative Human Ecology of the Resource Exploiting System : The Second Phase of Survey in Bolivia

Research Project

Project/Area Number 01041028
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
SectionField Research
Research InstitutionUniversity of Tokyo

Principal Investigator

KASHIWAZAKI Hiroshi  Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 医学部(医), 講師 (60004735)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) TAKASAKA Kouichi  School of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, 保健学部, 教授 (00146557)
MOJI Kazuhiko  Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 医学部, 助教授 (80166321)
ORIAS Rivera  ボリビア国家警察病院, 医師
VARGASーPACHE ハ゜チエコ  ボリビア高地生物学研究所, 所長
YOSHINAGA Jun  Division of Environmental Chemistry, National Institute for Environmental Stuide, 研究員 (70222396)
WATANABE Chiho  Tohoku University School of Medicine, 医学部, 助手 (70220902)
SASAKI Akihiko  Division of Environmental Physiology and Hygiene, National Institute of Public H, 生理衛生学部・体力生理室, 室長 (70150175)
KOCHI Arata  Tuberculosis Unit, World Health Organization, 結核対策課, 課長
TAKEMOTO Tai-ichiro  Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 医学部, 教授 (60010005)
ORIAS Jose  Hospital Virgen de Copacabana, Policia Nacional de Bolivia
VARGAS Enrique  Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Boliviano de Biologia de Altura
Project Period (FY) 1989 – 1991
KeywordsPhysical Growth at High Altitude / Blood Pressure and Salt Intake / Selenium and GSH-Px / Doubly-Labeled-Water Method / Nutritional Ecology / Cassava and Cyanide / Recognition Threshold for Taste / Aymara and Moseten
Research Abstract

The major findings from this research project are summarized as follows :
1. In comparison with those of published data for the other Andean rural and urban populations (Aymara, Quechua and Mestizo at high altitudes), our subjects (Aymara children) had smaller chest dimensions (depth and width) than those of Quechua children, suggesting different process of chest growth in Aymara and Quechua populations.
2. Data on food consumption and daily energy expenditure (24-hour heart rate method) in a typical rural Aymara community of the high Andes showed that calcium and vitamin A intakes were far below the Bolivian recommended dietary allowances. Wide variations in both energy intake and expenditure throughout all age groups were observed.
3. Blood pressure in populations at low and high altitudes indicated no significant differences with changes in altitude. In high-altitude subjects, mean amounts of urinary excretion of both sodium (Na) and potassium (K) were more than twice as high as those … More in low-altitude subjects ; the mean daily urinary Na excretion was about 260 mmole/day (15 g of NaCl) at high altitudes. Multiple regression analysis indicated that age, arm circumference, and altitude (or Hb concentration) were the major determinants of blood pressure. The hypoxic environment and high levels of salt and K consumption may have negated altitude's effects on blood pressure.
4. Selenium dependent glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities (U/ml-blood) were significantly higher in highlanders than in lowlanders. while the difference was reversed if the activities were expressed in U/g-Hb. Even though Hb concentrations were significantly higher in highlanders, the increase in activities of GSH-Px in this population appeared not to be compatible in magnitude with the increase in Hb concentration.
5. Urine samples from 23 high altitude subjects, who were orally administered doubly-labeled water (DLW) with stable isotopes of oxygen-18 and deuterium, were analyzed with ratio mass spectrometer. Energy expenditure estimated by this method showed that their activity levels were higher (1.3-2 times of basal metabolic rate) than would be expected from literature on the Peruvian high Andes, suggesting a need for reconsidering a hypothesis of age-related energy-saving behavior in resource limiting high Andes.
6. Natives to the lowland (mosetenes) appeared to be more sensitive to identify cassava varieties by taste than migrants (Aymara, Quechua and Chipaya). In a community of migrants, a variety of bitter cassava was used and the concentration of cyanide was as high as 100 times the sweet cassava used among the native Mosetenes. Traditional technology to avoid toxic substances from cyanidecontaining cassava, and its health effects on natives and migrants warrant further study. Less

  • Research Products

    (14 results)

All Other

All Publications (14 results)

  • [Publications] Kim.SW.,Kashiwazaki,H.,Imai,H.Moji,K.,Takemoto,T.,Orias,J.: "Physical Growth of Aymara Children in a Herding Community of the Bolivian Altiplano." Journal of Human Ergology. 20. (1991)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Kim.SW.,Kashiwazaki,H.,Imai,H.Moji,K.,Orias,J.: "Food consumption and energy expenditure of Aymara in a herding community of the Bolivian Altiplano." Journal of Human Ergology. 20. (1991)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Imai,H.,Kashiwazaki,H.,Suzuki,T.Himeno,S.,Watanabe,C.,Moji,K.,Kim,SW.,Orias,J.,Takemoto,T: "Selenium and glutathione peroxidase activity in blood in an Andean highland population." Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology. (1992)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Imai,H.,Kashiwazaki,H.et al.: "Nutritional selenium in an Andean highland population." Nutrition Research. (1992)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Kashiwazaki,H.,Kim,SW.,Imai,H.Yoshinaga,J.et al.: "Intakes of sodium,potassium,magnesium and calcium in an Andean herding community of Bolivian Aymara." European J.Clinical Nutrition. (1992)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Kashiwazaki,H.,Dejima,Y.,Orias,J.,Coward,A.,Prentice,A.: "Unexpectedly high energy expenditure of Bolivian Aymara in a herding community of arid Andean Altiplano--Energy expenditure measured by doubly-labelled-water method--" European J.Clinical Nutrition. (1992)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Kashiwazaki,H.,Imai,H.,Orias,J.,Kim,SW.Watanabe,C.,Moji,K.,Takemoto,T.,Takasaka,K.,Suzuki,T.: "Blood Pressure and Salt Intake in High Altitude Bolivian Aymara:In Proceddings of the Seventh International symposium on Salt." Elsevier Science Publishers,Amsterdam., (1992)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Kim, Sw., Kashiwazaki, H., Imai, H., Moji, K., Takemoto, T., Orias-Rivera, J.: "Physical Growth of Aymara Children in a Herding Community of the Bolivian Altiplano." Journal of Human Ergology.20. (1991)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Kim, SW., Kashiwazaki, H., Imai, H., Moji, K., Orias-Rivera, J.: "Food Consumption and Energy Expenditure of Aymara in a Herding Community of the Bolivian Altiplano" Journal of Human Ergology. 20. (1991)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Imai, H., Kashiwazaki, H., Suzuki, T., Himeno, S., Watanabe, C., Moji, K., Kim, SW., Orias, J., Takemoto, T.: "Selenium and glutathione peroxidase activity in blood in an Andean highland population." Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology. (1992)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Imai, H., Kashiwazaki, H. et al.: "Nutritional selenium in an Andean highland population." Nutrition Research. (1992)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Kashiwazaki, H., Kim, SW., Imai, H., Yoshinaga, J. et al.: "Intakes of sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium in an Andean herding community of Bolivian Aymara." European J. Clinical Nutrition.(1992)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Kashiwazaki, H., Dejima, Y., Orias, J., Coward, A., Prentice, A.: "Unexpectedly high energy expenditure of Bolivian Aymara in a herding community of arid Andean Altiplano-Energy expenditure measured by doubly-labelled-water method-" European J. Clinical Nutrition.(1992)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Kashiwazaki, H., Imai, H., Orias-Rivera, J., Kim, SW., Watanabe, C., Moji, K., Takemoto, T., Suzuki, T.: Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam. Blood Pressure and Salt Intake in High Altitude Bolivian Aymara. In : Proceeding of 7th International Symposium on Salt., (1992)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より

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Published: 1993-03-16  

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