2000 Fiscal Year Final Research Report Summary
Molecular epidemiology of HIV/AIDS and related diseases in Southern Africa
| Project/Area Number |
10041191
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A).
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Section | 海外学術 |
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| Research Field |
Virology
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| Research Institution | Tokyo Medical Dental University |
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Principal Investigator |
YAMAMOTO Naoki Tokyo Medical Dental University, Professor, 大学院・医歯学総合研究科, 教授 (00094053)
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
TERUMURA Hiroshi Yamanashi Medical University, Lecturer, 医学部, 講師 (50217436)
SUZUKI Hiroshi Niigata University School of Medicine, Professor, 医学部, 教授 (20091704)
SUGAMURA Kazuo Tohoku University School of Medicine, Professor, 大学院・医学研究科, 教授 (20117360)
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| Project Period (FY) |
1998 – 2000
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| Keywords | HIV infection / AIDS / TB / Africa / Southern africa / Zambia / South africa / エイズ |
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| Research Abstract |
Southern Africa has the highest prevalence of HIV-1 infection in the world and the following strategies have been priority in order to improve this situation :
1. To understand the natural history of HIV infection in southern Africa,
2. To develop an affordable and effective treatment for HIV infected people,
3. To develop a safe and effective HIV vaccine,
4. To develop and implement a mechanism that would prevent mother to child transmission(MTCT)of HIV,
5. To develop a faster TB drug-resistant monitoring assay.
In order to understand the natural history of HIV infection, we recruited asymptomatic patients and followed them for 3 years. TB was identified as the highest cause of death in these patients.
A double blinded study was carried out in order to determine an effective and affordable drug for HIV treatment. CD4 counts were high in patients who maintained high drug levels in their plasma.
To determine the distribution of HIV-1 strains in Zambia for vaccine development, we analysed the nucleotide sequences in Lusaka and found the predominance of HIV-1 env subtype C like with the emergence of HIV-1 env subtypes D-like and G-like. There is a need for continued studies to monitor the changing dynamics of the HIV-1 epidemic in Zambia, especially along the bordering areas.
To determine an effective prevention method of MTCT, we found that intrauterine transmission and during delivery were equally important for the transmission of HIV to babies in Zambia.
We found a high rate of TB drug-resistant mycobacterium in Lusaka.
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[Publications] Saijo, M., Terumura, H., Mizuta, K., Mpabalwani, E.M., Monze, M., Oshitani, H., Luo, N., Suzuki, H., Numazaki, Y.: "Respiratory syncytial virus infection in children with acute respiratory infections in Zambia."Epidemiol.Infect.. 121. 397-400 (1998)
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「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
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[Publications] Ito, M., Ishida, T., He, L., Tanabe, F., Yang, R., Miyakawa, Y., and Terumura, H.: "HIV-1 Tat protein inhibits Interleukin-12 production by human PBMC."AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses. 14. 843-847 (1998)
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[Publications] Sugiura, Y., Terumura, H., Yamamoto, T., Ishikawa, M., Sato, J., Toyota, T., Iwasaki, Y.: "Host immune profiles and genotyping analysis of HIV-1 among Japanese hemophiliac patients."Fukushima Journal of Medical Science. 45. 53-62 (1999)
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「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
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[Publications] He, L., Terumura, H., Tanabe, F., Hanabusa, H., Iwamoto, A., Oka, S., Chiba, N., Kurimoto, M., Ikeda, M., Okamura, H., Ito, M.: "IL-18 and IL-1β productions are decreased in HIV-1-seropositive haemophiliacs but not in HIV-1-seropositive non-haemophiliacs."AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses.. 16. 345-353 (2000)
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[Publications] Deng, X., Terumura, H., Handema, R., Sakamoto, M., Kitamura, T., ito, M., Akahane, Y.: "Higher prevalence and viral load of TT virus in saliva than in the corresponding serum : another possible transmission route and replication site of TT virus."J Medical Virology. 62. 531-537 (2000)
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[Publications] Handema, R., Terumura, H., Kasolo, F., Kasai, H., Sichone, M., Mulundu, G., Deng, X., Ichiyama, K., Mitarai, S., Honda, M., Yamamoto, N., Ito, M.: "Emergence of new HIV-1 subtypes other than subtype C among antenatal women in Lusaka, Zambia."AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses. (in press).
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[Publications] Owada, T., Motomura, T., Miyashita-Ogawa, Y., Kawada-Homma, M., Onishi, M., Matondo, P., Terumura, H., Numazaki, Y., Yamashita, S., Yamamoto, N.: "Antibody masking renders HIV-1 resistant to the cationic membrane filtration through alteration of its electrostatic character."J.Virological Methods. (in press).
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[Publications] Dai, J.H., Iwatani, Y., Ishida, T., Terumura, H., Kasai, H., Iwakura, Y., Fujiwara, H., Ito, M.: "Glycyrrhizin enhances IL-12 production in peritoneal macrophages."Immunology. (in press).
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「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
