2020 Fiscal Year Final Research Report
Construction of upper airway model using computational fluid dynamics in children with obstructive sleep apnea
| Project/Area Number |
18K09860
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
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| Allocation Type | Multi-year Fund |
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| Section | 一般 |
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| Review Section |
Basic Section 57070:Developmental dentistry-related
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| Research Institution | Kagoshima University |
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Principal Investigator |
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
岩崎 智憲 鹿児島大学, 医歯学域歯学系, 准教授 (10264433)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2018-04-01 – 2021-03-31
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| Keywords | 流体シミュレーション / 小児閉塞性睡眠時無呼吸症候群 / ＯＳＡＳ / 通気障害部位 / 小児 |
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
Identifying the primary site of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children is important to determine treatment strategies; however, current methods and the corresponding treatment of children with OSA are inadequate.
This study demonstrated the efficacy of using computed fluid dynamics in identifying the primary site of OSA, which may differ from the site where obstruction is observed. Computed fluid dynamics may, therefore, be useful to determine the treatment of OSA in children.
Furthermore, children with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) may have nasal obstruction and experience an increased risk of OSA. Nineteen patients (10.7 years) who required rapid maxillary expansion (RME) had cone‐beam computed tomography images taken before and after RME. Nasal airway ventilation parameters were analyzed via computational fluid dynamics.In children with UCLP, increasing the quantity of airflow and CSA on the cleft side by RME substantially improved nasal ventilation.
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| Free Research Field |
小児歯科学
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| Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements |
小児閉塞性無呼吸症候群 (OSAS)の罹患率は2％前後で、睡眠障害に伴う眠気、体調不良、学業不振、成長障害だけでなく、重症例では高血圧、呼吸不全、心不全を認める。また、ダウン症児ではOSAの罹患率が50％以上とも言われ、呼吸確保のために胡坐で寝る場合もある。この状況の改善には、通気障害部位に応じた治療選択が重要だが、上気道形態は複雑であり正確な原因部位の特定が難しいため、第一選択のアデノイド切除・口蓋扁桃摘出術の治癒率は60％程度と低い。本課題で、最適な治療方法を選択して飛躍的な治癒率改善につながる精度の高い障害部位特定診断モデルを開発し、小児医療に関する実用化の目処が立った。
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