2022 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

Polymorphism Analysis of Bitter Taste Receptors and Detoxification Enzymes and Development of a Carcinogenic Risk Assessment Method Using Big Medical Data

Research Project

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Project/Area Number	19K21575
Research Category	Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research (Exploratory)
Allocation Type	Multi-year Fund
Review Section	Studies on the Super-Aging Society
Research Institution	Tohoku University
Principal Investigator	Shoji Noriaki 東北大学, 歯学研究科, 大学院非常勤講師 (70250800)
Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha)	坪井明人東北大学, 東北メディカル・メガバンク機構, 非常勤講師 (00241646) 笹野高嗣東北大学, 歯学研究科, 名誉教授 (10125560) 西岡貴志東北大学, 歯学研究科, 講師 (50641875) 佐藤しづ子東北大学, 歯学研究科, 助教 (60225274)
Project Period (FY)	2019-06-28 – 2023-03-31
Keywords	苦味受容体 / 遺伝子多型 / 発がんリスク / 医療ビックデ－タ
Outline of Final Research Achievements	Type 2 taste receptor (TAS2R) genes encode bitter-taste receptors that are activated by various bitter ligands. It has been said that TAS2R38 may detect bitter substances and then suppress their intake by controlling gustatory or digestive response. The major haplotypes in TAS2R38 involve three non-synonymous, closely linked SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms), leading to three amino acid substitutions (A49P, V262A and I296V) and resulting in a PAV or AVI allele. In the present study, we identified 5 combined haplotypes of minor alleles; i.e., AVI/AAV, AVI/AVV, AAI/PAV, AVI/PVV, AVI/AAI in 2047 Japanese Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (ToMMo) subjects. These subjects with minor allele were totally 16 out of 2047. The results of the questionnaire analyses indicated there was no significant differences both in BMI and in the intake frequency of the cruciferous vegetables among AVI/AVI, AVI/PAV and PAV/PAV, but higher tendency in alcohol drinking frequency in AVI/AVI.
Free Research Field	医学・食品科学
Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements	超高齢化社会において、がんを含めた生活習慣病の発症予防と重症化予防の徹底により健康増進を図ることは重要な施策である。本研究では、TAS2R38の主たる３つの遺伝子型AVI/AVI, AVI/PAV, PAV/PAVの違いにより、アルコール摂取頻度が異なる傾向が示された。本研究成果は、発がんに対する先天的（食習慣関連遺伝子）および後天的（各種生活習慣：飲酒、喫煙、食事、睡眠、運動等）因子のリスク強度の予測、ひいてはテーラーメードの生活栄養管理による積極的介入の足がかりとなるもので、大きな社会的意義を有している。